PHP Oracle Web Development: Data processing, Security, Caching, XML, Web Services, and Ajax

Table of Contents

• Preface

• Chapter 1: Getting Started with PHP and Oracle
  • Why PHP and Oracle?
    • Simplicity and Flexibility
    • Performance
    • Robustness
  • Exploring PHP and Oracle Alternatives
    • PHP and MySQL
    • JSF and Oracle
  • What You Need to Start
    • Pieces of Software Required
    • Oracle Database Considerations
      • Understanding the Oracle Database
      • Choosing Between Oracle Database Editions
      • Obtaining Oracle Database Software
    • PHP Considerations
      • Apache HTTP Server
      • Why PHP 5
      • Obtaining PHP
    • Making PHP and Oracle Work Together
      • Oracle Instant Client
      • Zend Core for Oracle
    • Using Oracle SQL*Plus
      • Why Use SQL*Plus in PHP/Oracle Development?
      • Connecting to a Database with SQL*Plus
      • Running Scripts in SQL*Plus
    • Putting It All Together
  • Creating Your First PHP/Oracle Application
    • Connecting to a Database
      • Using the Local Naming Method
      • Using the Easy Connect Method
    • Issuing an SQL Statement Against the Database
    • Fetching and Displaying Results
  • Summary

• Chapter 2: PHP and Oracle Connection
  • Introducing the PHP OCI8 Extension
    • Why Use OCI8 Extension?
    • Processing SQL Statements with OCI8
  • Connecting to Oracle with OCI8
    • Defining a Connection String
    • OCI8 Functions for Connecting to Oracle
  • Parsing and Executing SQL Statements with OCI8
    • Preparing SQL Statements for Execution
    • Using Bind Variables
    • Executing SQL Statements
    • Handling Errors
      • Using the oci_error Function
      • Using the trigger_error Function
      • Using Exceptions
  • Fetching Results with OCI8
    • OCI8 Functions for Fetching
    • Fetching the Next Row
    • Fetching All the Rows
  • Alternatives to PHP OCI8 Extension
    • Using PEAR DB
    • Using ADOdb
    • Using PDO
    • Creating Your Own Library on Top of OCI8
  • Summary

• Chapter 3: Data Processing
  • Implementing the Business Logic of a PHP/Oracle Application
    • When to Move the Data to the Processing
    • Advantages of Moving the Processing to the Data
    • Ways of Implementing Business Logic Inside the Database
    • Interaction between Components Implementing Business Logic
  • Using Complex SQL Statements
    • Employing Oracle SQL Functions in Queries
      • Oracle SQL Functions versus PHP Data Processing
      • Aggregate Functions
      • The GROUP BY Clause
    • Using Join Queries
    • Taking Advantage of Views
      • The Key Benefits of Using Views
      • Hiding Data Complexity with Views
      • Using the WHERE Clause
  • Using Stored Subprograms
    • What are Stored Subprograms?
    • Advantages of Stored Subprograms
    • An Example of When to Use a Stored Subprogram
    • Creating Stored Subprograms
    • Calling Stored Subprograms from PHP
  • Using Triggers
    • Creating Triggers
    • Firing Triggers
    • Calling Stored Procedures from a Trigger
  • Summary

• Chapter 4: Transactions
  • Overview of Transactions
    • What is a Transaction?
    • What are ACID Rules?
    • How Transactions Work in Oracle
    • Using Transactions in PHP/Oracle Applications
    • Structuring a PHP/Oracle Application to Control Transactions
  • Developing Transactional Code
    • Controlling Transactions from PHP
    • Moving Transactional Code to the Database
      • Using Triggers
      • Dealing with Statement-Level Rollbacks
  • Transaction Isolation Considerations
    • What OCI8 Connection Function to Choose
    • Concurrent Update Issues
      • Locking Issues
      • Lost Updates
    • Autonomous Transactions
  • Summary

• Chapter 5: Object-Oriented Approach
  • Implementing PHP Classes to Interact with Oracle
    • Building Blocks of Applications
      • Creating a Custom PHP Class from Scratch
      • Testing the Newly Created Class
      • Taking Advantage of PHP 5's Object-Oriented Features
    • Functionality and Implementation
    • Reusability
    • Handling Exceptions
      • Modifying an Existing Class to use Exceptions
      • Distinguishing between Different Error Types
      • Are Exceptions Necessarily Errors?
  • Extending Existing Classes
    • Using Standard Classes
      • PEAR::Auth in Action
      • Securing Pages with PEAR::Auth
    • Customizing Standard Classes
      • Customizing PEAR::Auth
      • Building More Compact Client Code
  • Interactions between Objects
    • Composition
    • Aggregation
  • Event-Driven Communication
  • Using Oracle Object-Relational Features
    • Using Oracle Object Types
    • Implementing Business Logic with Methods of Oracle Objects
    • Using Oracle Objects to Simplify Application Creation
  • Summary

• Chapter 6: Security
  • Securing PHP/Oracle Applications
    • Authenticating Users
    • Separating Security Management and Data
      • Using Two Database Schemas to Improve Security
      • Using Three Database Schemas to Improve Security
      • Employing PL/SQL Packages and Table Functions to Securely Access Database Data
      • Using the %ROWTYPE Attribute
      • Building a Custom Storage Container for the PEAR::Auth Class
      • Testing the Authentication System
    • Performing Authorization Based on the User Identity
      • Using Sessions to Hold Information about the Authenticated User
      • Holding a User's Information in Package Variables
      • Protecting Resources Based on Information about the Authenticated User
  • Hashing
    • Hashing Passwords
    • Modifying an Authentication System to Use Hashing
  • Setting Up Fine-Grained Access with Database Views
    • Implementing Column-Level Security with Views
    • Masking the Column Values Returned to the Application
      • Using the DECODE Function
    • Implementing Row-Level Security with Views
  • Using VPD to Implement Row-Level Security
  • Summary

• Chapter 7: Caching
  • Caching Data with Oracle and PHP
    • Caching Queries on the Database Server
      • Processing SQL Statements
      • Using Bind Variables to Increase the Probability of Shared Pool Cache Hits
    • Using Oracle's Application Contexts for Caching
      • Creating a Global Application Context
      • Manipulating Data Held in a Global Context
      • Resetting Values in a Global Context
    • Caching Mechanisms Available in PHP
      • Choosing a Caching Strategy
      • Caching Function Calls with the PEAR::Cache_Lite Package
      • Updating Cached Data
  • Implementing Notification-Based Caching
    • Using Database Change Notification
      • Auditing Notification Messages
      • Building a PL/SQL Procedure Sending Notifications to the Web Server
      • Performing Configuration Steps Required for Change Notification
      • Building the Notification Handler
      • Creating a Query Registration for the Notification Handler
      • Quick Test
    • Implementing Notification-Based Caching with PEAR::Cache_Lite
  • Summary

• Chapter 8: XML-Enabled Applications
  • Processing XML in PHP/Oracle Applications
    • Processing XML Data with PHP
      • Creating XML with the DOM PHP Extension
      • Querying a DOM Document with XPath
      • Transforming and Processing XML with XSLT
    • Performing XML Processing inside the Database
      • Using Oracle SQL/XML Generation Functions
      • Moving All the XML Processing into the Database
      • Storing XML Data in the Database
      • Performing XSLT Transformations inside the Database
  • Building PHP Applications on Oracle XML DB
    • Using Oracle Database for Storing, Modifying, and Retrieving XML Data
      • Database Storage Options for XML Data in Oracle Database
      • Using XMLType for Handling XML Data in the Database
      • Using XML Schemas
      • Retrieving XML Data
    • Accessing Relational Data Through XMLType Views
      • Using XMLType Views
      • Creating XML Schema-Based XMLType Views
      • Performing DML Operations on XML Schema-Based XMLType Views
    • Using Oracle XML DB Repository
      • Manipulating Repository Resources with PL/SQL
      • Accessing Repository Resources with SQL
      • Taking Advantage of Standard Internet Protocols
    • Handling Transactions
  • Querying Data with Oracle XQuery
    • Using XQuery to Construct XML from Relational Data
    • Breaking up XML into Relational Data
  • Summary

• Chapter 9: Web Services
  • Exposing a PHP/Oracle Application as a Web Service Using PHP SOAP Extension
    • Communicating Using SOAP
    • What you Need to Build a SOAP Web Service
    • Building a SOAP Web Service on Top of a PHP/Oracle Application
    • Building the Business Logic of a Web Service Inside the Database
      • Creating an XML Schema to Validate Incoming Documents
      • Generating Unique IDs for Incoming Documents
      • Creating PL/SQL Subprograms Implementing the Business Logic of the Web Service
    • Building a PHP Handler Class
    • Using WSDL
    • Creating a SOAP Server with PHP's SOAP Extension
    • Building a SOAP Client to Test the SOAP Server
  • Adding Security
    • Implementing Authorization Logic Inside the Database
    • Creating a PHP Handler Class
    • Creating a WSDL Document
    • Creating a Client Script
  • Summary

• Chapter 10: AJAX-Based Applications
  • Building AJAX-Based PHP/Oracle Applications
    • AJAX Interactions
    • Designing an AJAX/PHP/Oracle Monitoring Application
    • Building Blocks of an AJAX-Based Solution
      • Creating the Data Structures
      • Building the PHP Script that will Process AJAX Requests
      • Using the XMLHttpRequest JavaScript Object
      • Putting It All Together
      • Using Caching to Further Improve Responsiveness
  • Implementing Master/Detail Solutions with AJAX
    • Planning a Master/Detail Solution that uses AJAX
    • Building the Sample Application
      • Creating the Data Structures
      • Generating HTML with Oracle XQuery
      • Sending Post Requests with AJAX
      • Styling with CSS
      • Putting It All Together
  • Summary

• Appendix A: Installing PHP and Oracle Software
  • Installing Oracle Database Software
    • Installing Oracle Database Enterprise/Standard Editions
    • Installing Oracle Database Express Edition (XE)
      • Installing Oracle Database XE on Windows
      • Installing Oracle Database XE on Linux
    • Installing Apache HTTP Server
  • Installing PHP
    • Installing PHP on Windows
    • Installing PHP on Unix-Like Systems
    • Testing PHP
  • Bridging the Gap Between Oracle and PHP
    • Oracle Instant Client
    • Enabling the OCI8 Extension in an Existing PHP Installation
    • Installing SQL*Plus Instant Client
  • Installing Zend Core for Oracle
    • Installing Zend Core for Oracle on Windows
    • Installing Zend Core for Oracle on Linux

• Index

Yuli Vasiliev

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