FileBackendTest.php

Go to the documentation of this file.

<?php

class FileBackendTest extends MediaWikiTestCase {
        private $backend, $multiBackend;
        private $filesToPrune = array();
        private static $backendToUse;

        protected function setUp() {
                global $wgFileBackends;
                parent::setUp();
                $tmpPrefix = wfTempDir() . '/filebackend-unittest-' . time() . '-' . mt_rand();
                if ( $this->getCliArg( 'use-filebackend=' ) ) {
                        if ( self::$backendToUse ) {
                                $this->singleBackend = self::$backendToUse;
                        } else {
                                $name = $this->getCliArg( 'use-filebackend=' );
                                $useConfig = array();
                                foreach ( $wgFileBackends as $conf ) {
                                        if ( $conf['name'] == $name ) {
                                                $useConfig = $conf;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                $useConfig['name'] = 'localtesting'; // swap name
                                $useConfig['shardViaHashLevels'] = array( // test sharding
                                        'unittest-cont1' => array( 'levels' => 1, 'base' => 16, 'repeat' => 1 )
                                );
                                $class = $useConfig['class'];
                                self::$backendToUse = new $class( $useConfig );
                                $this->singleBackend = self::$backendToUse;
                        }
                } else {
                        $this->singleBackend = new FSFileBackend( array(
                                'name'        => 'localtesting',
                                'lockManager' => 'fsLockManager',
                                #'parallelize' => 'implicit',
                                'containerPaths' => array(
                                        'unittest-cont1' => "{$tmpPrefix}-localtesting-cont1",
                                        'unittest-cont2' => "{$tmpPrefix}-localtesting-cont2" )
                        ) );
                }
                $this->multiBackend = new FileBackendMultiWrite( array(
                        'name'        => 'localtesting',
                        'lockManager' => 'fsLockManager',
                        'parallelize' => 'implicit',
                        'backends'    => array(
                                array(
                                        'name'          => 'localmultitesting1',
                                        'class'         => 'FSFileBackend',
                                        'lockManager'   => 'nullLockManager',
                                        'containerPaths' => array(
                                                'unittest-cont1' => "{$tmpPrefix}-localtestingmulti1-cont1",
                                                'unittest-cont2' => "{$tmpPrefix}-localtestingmulti1-cont2" ),
                                        'isMultiMaster' => false
                                ),
                                array(
                                        'name'          => 'localmultitesting2',
                                        'class'         => 'FSFileBackend',
                                        'lockManager'   => 'nullLockManager',
                                        'containerPaths' => array(
                                                'unittest-cont1' => "{$tmpPrefix}-localtestingmulti2-cont1",
                                                'unittest-cont2' => "{$tmpPrefix}-localtestingmulti2-cont2" ),
                                        'isMultiMaster' => true
                                )
                        )
                ) );
                $this->filesToPrune = array();
        }

        private static function baseStorePath() {
                return 'mwstore://localtesting';
        }

        private function backendClass() {
                return get_class( $this->backend );
        }

        public function testIsStoragePath( $path, $isStorePath ) {
                $this->assertEquals( $isStorePath, FileBackend::isStoragePath( $path ),
                        "FileBackend::isStoragePath on path '$path'" );
        }

        function provider_testIsStoragePath() {
                return array(
                        array( 'mwstore://', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend//container/', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend//container//', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend//container//path', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore:///', true ),
                        array( 'mwstore:/', false ),
                        array( 'mwstore:', false ),
                );
        }

        public function testSplitStoragePath( $path, $res ) {
                $this->assertEquals( $res, FileBackend::splitStoragePath( $path ),
                        "FileBackend::splitStoragePath on path '$path'" );
        }

        function provider_testSplitStoragePath() {
                return array(
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container', array( 'backend', 'container', '' ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/', array( 'backend', 'container', '' ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path', array( 'backend', 'container', 'path' ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container//path', array( 'backend', 'container', '/path' ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend//container/path', array( null, null, null ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend//container//path', array( null, null, null ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore://', array( null, null, null ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend', array( null, null, null ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore:///', array( null, null, null ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore:/', array( null, null, null ) ),
                        array( 'mwstore:', array( null, null, null ) )
                );
        }

        public function testNormalizeStoragePath( $path, $res ) {
                $this->assertEquals( $res, FileBackend::normalizeStoragePath( $path ),
                        "FileBackend::normalizeStoragePath on path '$path'" );
        }

        function provider_normalizeStoragePath() {
                return array(
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container', 'mwstore://backend/container' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/', 'mwstore://backend/container' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path', 'mwstore://backend/container/path' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container//path', 'mwstore://backend/container/path' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container///path', 'mwstore://backend/container/path' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container///path//to///obj', 'mwstore://backend/container/path/to/obj',
                        array( 'mwstore://', null ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend', null ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend//container/path', null ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend//container//path', null ),
                        array( 'mwstore:///', null ),
                        array( 'mwstore:/', null ),
                        array( 'mwstore:', null ), )
                );
        }

        public function testParentStoragePath( $path, $res ) {
                $this->assertEquals( $res, FileBackend::parentStoragePath( $path ),
                        "FileBackend::parentStoragePath on path '$path'" );
        }

        function provider_testParentStoragePath() {
                return array(
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path/to/obj', 'mwstore://backend/container/path/to' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path/to', 'mwstore://backend/container/path' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path', 'mwstore://backend/container' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container', null ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path/to/obj/', 'mwstore://backend/container/path/to' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path/to/', 'mwstore://backend/container/path' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path/', 'mwstore://backend/container' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/', null ),
                );
        }

        public function testExtensionFromPath( $path, $res ) {
                $this->assertEquals( $res, FileBackend::extensionFromPath( $path ),
                        "FileBackend::extensionFromPath on path '$path'" );
        }

        public static function provider_testExtensionFromPath() {
                return array(
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path.txt', 'txt' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path.svg.png', 'png' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path', '' ),
                        array( 'mwstore://backend/container/path.', '' ),
                );
        }

        public function testStore( $op ) {
                $this->filesToPrune[] = $op['src'];

                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestStore( $op );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestStore( $op );
                $this->filesToPrune[] = $op['src']; # avoid file leaking
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestStore( $op ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $source = $op['src'];
                $dest = $op['dst'];
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $dest ) ) );

                file_put_contents( $source, "Unit test file" );

                if ( isset( $op['overwrite'] ) || isset( $op['overwriteSame'] ) ) {
                        $this->backend->store( $op );
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doOperation( $op );

                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Store from $source to $dest succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                        "Store from $source to $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( array( 0 => true ), $status->success,
                        "Store from $source to $dest has proper 'success' field in Status ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, file_exists( $source ),
                        "Source file $source still exists ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                        "Destination file $dest exists ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertEquals( filesize( $source ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                        "Destination file $dest has correct size ($backendName)." );

                $props1 = FSFile::getPropsFromPath( $source );
                $props2 = $this->backend->getFileProps( array( 'src' => $dest ) );
                $this->assertEquals( $props1, $props2,
                        "Source and destination have the same props ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertBackendPathsConsistent( array( $dest ) );
        }

        public static function provider_testStore() {
                $cases = array();

                $tmpName = TempFSFile::factory( "unittests_", 'txt' )->getPath();
                $toPath = self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/fun/obj1.txt';
                $op = array( 'op' => 'store', 'src' => $tmpName, 'dst' => $toPath );
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op, // operation
                        $tmpName, // source
                        $toPath, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['overwrite'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $tmpName, // source
                        $toPath, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['overwriteSame'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $tmpName, // source
                        $toPath, // dest
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testCopy( $op ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestCopy( $op );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestCopy( $op );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestCopy( $op ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $source = $op['src'];
                $dest = $op['dst'];
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $source ) ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $dest ) ) );

                if ( isset( $op['ignoreMissingSource'] ) ) {
                        $status = $this->backend->doOperation( $op );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Move from $source to $dest succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( array( 0 => true ), $status->success,
                                "Move from $source to $dest has proper 'success' field in Status ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                                "Source file $source does not exist ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                                "Destination file $dest does not exist ($backendName)." );
                        return; // done
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                        array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => 'blahblah', 'dst' => $source ) );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Creation of file at $source succeeded ($backendName)." );

                if ( isset( $op['overwrite'] ) || isset( $op['overwriteSame'] ) ) {
                        $this->backend->copy( $op );
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doOperation( $op );

                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Copy from $source to $dest succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                        "Copy from $source to $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( array( 0 => true ), $status->success,
                        "Copy from $source to $dest has proper 'success' field in Status ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                        "Source file $source still exists ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                        "Destination file $dest exists after copy ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertEquals(
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                        "Destination file $dest has correct size ($backendName)." );

                $props1 = $this->backend->getFileProps( array( 'src' => $source ) );
                $props2 = $this->backend->getFileProps( array( 'src' => $dest ) );
                $this->assertEquals( $props1, $props2,
                        "Source and destination have the same props ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertBackendPathsConsistent( array( $source, $dest ) );
        }

        public static function provider_testCopy() {
                $cases = array();

                $source = self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file.txt';
                $dest = self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont2/a/fileMoved.txt';

                $op = array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $source, 'dst' => $dest );
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['overwrite'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['overwriteSame'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['ignoreMissingSource'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testMove( $op ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestMove( $op );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestMove( $op );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestMove( $op ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $source = $op['src'];
                $dest = $op['dst'];
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $source ) ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $dest ) ) );

                if ( isset( $op['ignoreMissingSource'] ) ) {
                        $status = $this->backend->doOperation( $op );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Move from $source to $dest succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( array( 0 => true ), $status->success,
                                "Move from $source to $dest has proper 'success' field in Status ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                                "Source file $source does not exist ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                                "Destination file $dest does not exist ($backendName)." );
                        return; // done
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                        array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => 'blahblah', 'dst' => $source ) );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Creation of file at $source succeeded ($backendName)." );

                if ( isset( $op['overwrite'] ) || isset( $op['overwriteSame'] ) ) {
                        $this->backend->copy( $op );
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doOperation( $op );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Move from $source to $dest succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                        "Move from $source to $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( array( 0 => true ), $status->success,
                        "Move from $source to $dest has proper 'success' field in Status ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                        "Source file $source does not still exists ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                        "Destination file $dest exists after move ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertNotEquals(
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                        "Destination file $dest has correct size ($backendName)." );

                $props1 = $this->backend->getFileProps( array( 'src' => $source ) );
                $props2 = $this->backend->getFileProps( array( 'src' => $dest ) );
                $this->assertEquals( false, $props1['fileExists'],
                        "Source file does not exist accourding to props ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $props2['fileExists'],
                        "Destination file exists accourding to props ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertBackendPathsConsistent( array( $source, $dest ) );
        }

        public static function provider_testMove() {
                $cases = array();

                $source = self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file.txt';
                $dest = self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont2/a/fileMoved.txt';

                $op = array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $source, 'dst' => $dest );
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['overwrite'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['overwriteSame'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['ignoreMissingSource'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        $source, // source
                        $dest, // dest
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testDelete( $op, $withSource, $okStatus ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDelete( $op, $withSource, $okStatus );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDelete( $op, $withSource, $okStatus );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestDelete( $op, $withSource, $okStatus ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $source = $op['src'];
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $source ) ) );

                if ( $withSource ) {
                        $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                                array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => 'blahblah', 'dst' => $source ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of file at $source succeeded ($backendName)." );
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doOperation( $op );
                if ( $okStatus ) {
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Deletion of file at $source succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Deletion of file at $source succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( array( 0 => true ), $status->success,
                                "Deletion of file at $source has proper 'success' field in Status ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $status->isOK(),
                                "Deletion of file at $source failed ($backendName)." );
                }

                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                        "Source file $source does not exist after move ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertFalse(
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $source ) ),
                        "Source file $source has correct size (false) ($backendName)." );

                $props1 = $this->backend->getFileProps( array( 'src' => $source ) );
                $this->assertFalse( $props1['fileExists'],
                        "Source file $source does not exist according to props ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertBackendPathsConsistent( array( $source ) );
        }

        public static function provider_testDelete() {
                $cases = array();

                $source = self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/myfacefile.txt';

                $op = array( 'op' => 'delete', 'src' => $source );
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op, // operation
                        true, // with source
                        true // succeeds
                );

                $cases[] = array(
                        $op, // operation
                        false, // without source
                        false // fails
                );

                $op['ignoreMissingSource'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op, // operation
                        false, // without source
                        true // succeeds
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testCreate( $op, $alreadyExists, $okStatus, $newSize ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestCreate( $op, $alreadyExists, $okStatus, $newSize );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestCreate( $op, $alreadyExists, $okStatus, $newSize );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestCreate( $op, $alreadyExists, $okStatus, $newSize ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $dest = $op['dst'];
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $dest ) ) );

                $oldText = 'blah...blah...waahwaah';
                if ( $alreadyExists ) {
                        $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                                array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => $oldText, 'dst' => $dest ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of file at $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doOperation( $op );
                if ( $okStatus ) {
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of file at $dest succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Creation of file at $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( array( 0 => true ), $status->success,
                                "Creation of file at $dest has proper 'success' field in Status ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $status->isOK(),
                                "Creation of file at $dest failed ($backendName)." );
                }

                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                        "Destination file $dest exists after creation ($backendName)." );

                $props1 = $this->backend->getFileProps( array( 'src' => $dest ) );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $props1['fileExists'],
                        "Destination file $dest exists according to props ($backendName)." );
                if ( $okStatus ) { // file content is what we saved
                        $this->assertEquals( $newSize, $props1['size'],
                                "Destination file $dest has expected size according to props ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( $newSize,
                                $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                                "Destination file $dest has correct size ($backendName)." );
                } else { // file content is some other previous text
                        $this->assertEquals( strlen( $oldText ), $props1['size'],
                                "Destination file $dest has original size according to props ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( strlen( $oldText ),
                                $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $dest ) ),
                                "Destination file $dest has original size according to props ($backendName)." );
                }

                $this->assertBackendPathsConsistent( array( $dest ) );
        }

        public static function provider_testCreate() {
                $cases = array();

                $dest = self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont2/a/myspacefile.txt';

                $op = array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => 'test test testing', 'dst' => $dest );
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op, // operation
                        false, // no dest already exists
                        true, // succeeds
                        strlen( $op['content'] )
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['content'] = "\n";
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        false, // no dest already exists
                        true, // succeeds
                        strlen( $op2['content'] )
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['content'] = "fsf\n waf 3kt";
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        true, // dest already exists
                        false, // fails
                        strlen( $op2['content'] )
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['content'] = "egm'g gkpe gpqg eqwgwqg";
                $op2['overwrite'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        true, // dest already exists
                        true, // succeeds
                        strlen( $op2['content'] )
                );

                $op2 = $op;
                $op2['content'] = "39qjmg3-qg";
                $op2['overwriteSame'] = true;
                $cases[] = array(
                        $op2, // operation
                        true, // dest already exists
                        false, // succeeds
                        strlen( $op2['content'] )
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testDoQuickOperations() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->doTestDoQuickOperations();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->doTestDoQuickOperations();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestDoQuickOperations() {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $files = array(
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/fileA.a",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/fileB.a",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/fileC.a"
                );
                $ops = array();
                $purgeOps = array();
                foreach ( $files as $path ) {
                        $status = $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $path ) ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Preparing $path succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $ops[] = array( 'op' => 'create', 'dst' => $path, 'content' => mt_rand(0,50000) );
                        $purgeOps[] = array( 'op' => 'delete', 'src' => $path );
                }
                $purgeOps[] = array( 'op' => 'null' );
                $status = $this->backend->doQuickOperations( $ops );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Creation of source files succeeded ($backendName)." );

                foreach ( $files as $file ) {
                        $this->assertTrue( $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $file ) ),
                                "File $file exists." );
                }

                $status = $this->backend->doQuickOperations( $purgeOps );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Quick deletion of source files succeeded ($backendName)." );

                foreach ( $files as $file ) {
                        $this->assertFalse( $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $file ) ),
                                "File $file purged." );
                }
        }

        public function testConcatenate( $op, $srcs, $srcsContent, $alreadyExists, $okStatus ) {
                $this->filesToPrune[] = $op['dst'];

                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestConcatenate( $op, $srcs, $srcsContent, $alreadyExists, $okStatus );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestConcatenate( $op, $srcs, $srcsContent, $alreadyExists, $okStatus );
                $this->filesToPrune[] = $op['dst']; # avoid file leaking
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestConcatenate( $params, $srcs, $srcsContent, $alreadyExists, $okStatus ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $expContent = '';
                // Create sources
                $ops = array();
                foreach ( $srcs as $i => $source ) {
                        $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $source ) ) );
                        $ops[] = array(
                                'op'      => 'create', // operation
                                'dst'     => $source, // source
                                'content' => $srcsContent[$i]
                        );
                        $expContent .= $srcsContent[$i];
                }
                $status = $this->backend->doOperations( $ops );

                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Creation of source files succeeded ($backendName)." );

                $dest = $params['dst'];
                if ( $alreadyExists ) {
                        $ok = file_put_contents( $dest, 'blah...blah...waahwaah' ) !== false;
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $ok,
                                "Creation of file at $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $ok = file_put_contents( $dest, '' ) !== false;
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $ok,
                                "Creation of 0-byte file at $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                }

                // Combine the files into one
                $status = $this->backend->concatenate( $params );
                if ( $okStatus ) {
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of concat file at $dest succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Creation of concat file at $dest succeeded ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $status->isOK(),
                                "Creation of concat file at $dest failed ($backendName)." );
                }

                if ( $okStatus ) {
                        $this->assertEquals( true, is_file( $dest ),
                                "Dest concat file $dest exists after creation ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $this->assertEquals( true, is_file( $dest ),
                                "Dest concat file $dest exists after failed creation ($backendName)." );
                }

                $contents = file_get_contents( $dest );
                $this->assertNotEquals( false, $contents, "File at $dest exists ($backendName)." );

                if ( $okStatus ) {
                        $this->assertEquals( $expContent, $contents,
                                "Concat file at $dest has correct contents ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $this->assertNotEquals( $expContent, $contents,
                                "Concat file at $dest has correct contents ($backendName)." );
                }
        }

        function provider_testConcatenate() {
                $cases = array();

                $rand = mt_rand( 0, 2000000000 ) . time();
                $dest = wfTempDir() . "/randomfile!$rand.txt";
                $srcs = array(
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file1.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file2.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file3.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file4.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file5.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file6.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file7.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file8.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file9.txt',
                        self::baseStorePath() . '/unittest-cont1/e/file10.txt'
                );
                $content = array(
                        'egfage',
                        'ageageag',
                        'rhokohlr',
                        'shgmslkg',
                        'kenga',
                        'owagmal',
                        'kgmae',
                        'g eak;g',
                        'lkaem;a',
                        'legma'
                );
                $params = array( 'srcs' => $srcs, 'dst' => $dest );

                $cases[] = array(
                        $params, // operation
                        $srcs, // sources
                        $content, // content for each source
                        false, // no dest already exists
                        true, // succeeds
                );

                $cases[] = array(
                        $params, // operation
                        $srcs, // sources
                        $content, // content for each source
                        true, // dest already exists
                        false, // succeeds
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testGetFileStat( $path, $content, $alreadyExists ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileStat( $path, $content, $alreadyExists );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileStat( $path, $content, $alreadyExists );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestGetFileStat( $path, $content, $alreadyExists ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                if ( $alreadyExists ) {
                        $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $path ) ) );
                        $status = $this->create( array( 'dst' => $path, 'content' => $content ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of file at $path succeeded ($backendName)." );

                        $size = $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $path ) );
                        $time = $this->backend->getFileTimestamp( array( 'src' => $path ) );
                        $stat = $this->backend->getFileStat( array( 'src' => $path ) );

                        $this->assertEquals( strlen( $content ), $size,
                                "Correct file size of '$path'" );
                        $this->assertTrue( abs( time() - wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $time ) ) < 10,
                                "Correct file timestamp of '$path'" );

                        $size = $stat['size'];
                        $time = $stat['mtime'];
                        $this->assertEquals( strlen( $content ), $size,
                                "Correct file size of '$path'" );
                        $this->assertTrue( abs( time() - wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $time ) ) < 10,
                                "Correct file timestamp of '$path'" );

                        $this->backend->clearCache( array( $path ) );

                        $size = $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $path ) );

                        $this->assertEquals( strlen( $content ), $size,
                                "Correct file size of '$path'" );

                        $this->backend->preloadCache( array( $path ) );

                        $size = $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $path ) );

                        $this->assertEquals( strlen( $content ), $size,
                                "Correct file size of '$path'" );
                } else {
                        $size = $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $path ) );
                        $time = $this->backend->getFileTimestamp( array( 'src' => $path ) );
                        $stat = $this->backend->getFileStat( array( 'src' => $path ) );

                        $this->assertFalse( $size, "Correct file size of '$path'" );
                        $this->assertFalse( $time, "Correct file timestamp of '$path'" );
                        $this->assertFalse( $stat, "Correct file stat of '$path'" );
                }
        }

        function provider_testGetFileStat() {
                $cases = array();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/b/z/some_file.txt", "some file contents", true );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/b/some-other_file.txt", "", true );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/b/some-diff_file.txt", null, false );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testGetFileContents( $source, $content ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileContents( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileContents( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestGetFileContents( $source, $content ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $srcs = (array)$source;
                $content = (array)$content;
                foreach ( $srcs as $i => $src ) {
                        $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $src ) ) );
                        $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                                array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => $content[$i], 'dst' => $src ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of file at $src succeeded ($backendName)." );
                }

                if ( is_array( $source ) ) {
                        $contents = $this->backend->getFileContentsMulti( array( 'srcs' => $source ) );
                        foreach ( $contents as $path => $data ) {
                                $this->assertNotEquals( false, $data, "Contents of $path exists ($backendName)." );
                                $this->assertEquals( current( $content ), $data, "Contents of $path is correct ($backendName)." );
                                next( $content );
                        }
                        $this->assertEquals( $source, array_keys( $contents ), "Contents in right order ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( count( $source ), count( $contents ), "Contents array size correct ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $data = $this->backend->getFileContents( array( 'src' => $source ) );
                        $this->assertNotEquals( false, $data, "Contents of $source exists ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( $content[0], $data, "Contents of $source is correct ($backendName)." );
                }
        }

        function provider_testGetFileContents() {
                $cases = array();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/b/z/some_file.txt", "some file contents" );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/b/some-other_file.txt", "more file contents" );
                $cases[] = array(
                        array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/x.txt", "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/y.txt",
                                 "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/z.txt" ),
                        array( "contents xx", "contents xy", "contents xz" )
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testGetLocalCopy( $source, $content ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetLocalCopy( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetLocalCopy( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestGetLocalCopy( $source, $content ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $srcs = (array)$source;
                $content = (array)$content;
                foreach ( $srcs as $i => $src ) {
                        $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $src ) ) );
                        $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                                array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => $content[$i], 'dst' => $src ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of file at $src succeeded ($backendName)." );
                }

                if ( is_array( $source ) ) {
                        $tmpFiles = $this->backend->getLocalCopyMulti( array( 'srcs' => $source ) );
                        foreach ( $tmpFiles as $path => $tmpFile ) {
                                $this->assertNotNull( $tmpFile,
                                        "Creation of local copy of $path succeeded ($backendName)." );
                                $contents = file_get_contents( $tmpFile->getPath() );
                                $this->assertNotEquals( false, $contents, "Local copy of $path exists ($backendName)." );
                                $this->assertEquals( current( $content ), $contents, "Local copy of $path is correct ($backendName)." );
                                next( $content );
                        }
                        $this->assertEquals( $source, array_keys( $tmpFiles ), "Local copies in right order ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( count( $source ), count( $tmpFiles ), "Local copies array size correct ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $tmpFile = $this->backend->getLocalCopy( array( 'src' => $source ) );
                        $this->assertNotNull( $tmpFile,
                                "Creation of local copy of $source succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $contents = file_get_contents( $tmpFile->getPath() );
                        $this->assertNotEquals( false, $contents, "Local copy of $source exists ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( $content[0], $contents, "Local copy of $source is correct ($backendName)." );
                }

                $obj = new stdClass();
                $tmpFile->bind( $obj );
        }

        function provider_testGetLocalCopy() {
                $cases = array();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/z/some_file.txt", "some file contents" );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/some-other_file.txt", "more file contents" );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/\$odd&.txt", "test file contents" );
                $cases[] = array(
                        array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/x.txt", "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/y.txt",
                                 "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/z.txt" ),
                        array( "contents xx", "contents xy", "contents xz" )
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testGetLocalReference( $source, $content ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetLocalReference( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetLocalReference( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestGetLocalReference( $source, $content ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $srcs = (array)$source;
                $content = (array)$content;
                foreach ( $srcs as $i => $src ) {
                        $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $src ) ) );
                        $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                                array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => $content[$i], 'dst' => $src ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Creation of file at $src succeeded ($backendName)." );
                }

                if ( is_array( $source ) ) {
                        $tmpFiles = $this->backend->getLocalReferenceMulti( array( 'srcs' => $source ) );
                        foreach ( $tmpFiles as $path => $tmpFile ) {
                                $this->assertNotNull( $tmpFile,
                                        "Creation of local copy of $path succeeded ($backendName)." );
                                $contents = file_get_contents( $tmpFile->getPath() );
                                $this->assertNotEquals( false, $contents, "Local ref of $path exists ($backendName)." );
                                $this->assertEquals( current( $content ), $contents, "Local ref of $path is correct ($backendName)." );
                                next( $content );
                        }
                        $this->assertEquals( $source, array_keys( $tmpFiles ), "Local refs in right order ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( count( $source ), count( $tmpFiles ), "Local refs array size correct ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $tmpFile = $this->backend->getLocalReference( array( 'src' => $source ) );
                        $this->assertNotNull( $tmpFile,
                                "Creation of local copy of $source succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $contents = file_get_contents( $tmpFile->getPath() );
                        $this->assertNotEquals( false, $contents, "Local ref of $source exists ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( $content[0], $contents, "Local ref of $source is correct ($backendName)." );
                }
        }

        function provider_testGetLocalReference() {
                $cases = array();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/z/some_file.txt", "some file contents" );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/some-other_file.txt", "more file contents" );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/\$odd&.txt", "test file contents" );
                $cases[] = array(
                        array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/x.txt", "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/y.txt",
                                 "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/z.txt" ),
                        array( "contents xx", "contents xy", "contents xz" )
                );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testGetLocalCopyAndReference404() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetLocalCopyAndReference404();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetLocalCopyAndReference404();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        public function doTestGetLocalCopyAndReference404() {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();

                $tmpFile = $this->backend->getLocalCopy( array(
                        'src' => "$base/unittest-cont1/not-there" ) );
                $this->assertEquals( null, $tmpFile, "Local copy of not existing file is null ($backendName)." );

                $tmpFile = $this->backend->getLocalReference( array(
                        'src' => "$base/unittest-cont1/not-there" ) );
                $this->assertEquals( null, $tmpFile, "Local ref of not existing file is null ($backendName)." );
        }

        public function testGetFileHttpUrl( $source, $content ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileHttpUrl( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileHttpUrl( $source, $content );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestGetFileHttpUrl( $source, $content ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $source ) ) );
                $status = $this->backend->doOperation(
                        array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => $content, 'dst' => $source ) );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Creation of file at $source succeeded ($backendName)." );

                $url = $this->backend->getFileHttpUrl( array( 'src' => $source ) );

                if ( $url !== null ) { // supported
                        $data = Http::request( "GET", $url );
                        $this->assertEquals( $content, $data,
                                "HTTP GET of URL has right contents ($backendName)." );
                }
        }

        function provider_testGetFileHttpUrl() {
                $cases = array();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/z/some_file.txt", "some file contents" );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/some-other_file.txt", "more file contents" );
                $cases[] = array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/\$odd&.txt", "test file contents" );

                return $cases;
        }

        public function testPrepareAndClean( $path, $isOK ) {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->doTestPrepareAndClean( $path, $isOK );
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->doTestPrepareAndClean( $path, $isOK );
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        function provider_testPrepareAndClean() {
                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                return array(
                        array( "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/z/some_file1.txt", true ),
                        array( "$base/unittest-cont2/a/z/some_file2.txt", true ),
                        # Specific to FS backend with no basePath field set
                        #array( "$base/unittest-cont3/a/z/some_file3.txt", false ),
                );
        }

        private function doTestPrepareAndClean( $path, $isOK ) {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $status = $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $path ) ) );
                if ( $isOK ) {
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Preparing dir $path succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Preparing dir $path succeeded ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $status->isOK(),
                                "Preparing dir $path failed ($backendName)." );
                }

                $status = $this->backend->clean( array( 'dir' => dirname( $path ) ) );
                if ( $isOK ) {
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Cleaning dir $path succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Cleaning dir $path succeeded ($backendName)." );
                } else {
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $status->isOK(),
                                "Cleaning dir $path failed ($backendName)." );
                }
        }

        public function testRecursiveClean() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->doTestRecursiveClean();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->doTestRecursiveClean();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestRecursiveClean() {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $dirs = array(
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d0",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d1",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d2",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d0/1",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d0/2",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d1/3",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d1/4",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d2/5",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/c/d2/6"
                );
                foreach ( $dirs as $dir ) {
                        $status = $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => $dir ) );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                                "Preparing dir $dir succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );
                }

                if ( $this->backend instanceof FSFileBackend ) {
                        foreach ( $dirs as $dir ) {
                                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->directoryExists( array( 'dir' => $dir ) ),
                                        "Dir $dir exists ($backendName)." );
                        }
                }

                $status = $this->backend->clean(
                        array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1", 'recursive' => 1 ) );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Recursive cleaning of dir $dir succeeded without warnings ($backendName)." );

                foreach ( $dirs as $dir ) {
                        $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->directoryExists( array( 'dir' => $dir ) ),
                                "Dir $dir no longer exists ($backendName)." );
                }
        }

        // @TODO: testSecure

        public function testDoOperations() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDoOperations();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDoOperations();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestDoOperations() {
                $base = self::baseStorePath();

                $fileA = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileA.txt";
                $fileAContents = '3tqtmoeatmn4wg4qe-mg3qt3 tq';
                $fileB = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileB.txt";
                $fileBContents = 'g-jmq3gpqgt3qtg q3GT ';
                $fileC = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileC.txt";
                $fileCContents = 'eigna[ogmewt 3qt g3qg flew[ag';
                $fileD = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileD.txt";

                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileA ) ) );
                $this->create( array( 'dst' => $fileA, 'content' => $fileAContents ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileB ) ) );
                $this->create( array( 'dst' => $fileB, 'content' => $fileBContents ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileC ) ) );
                $this->create( array( 'dst' => $fileC, 'content' => $fileCContents ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileD ) ) );

                $status = $this->backend->doOperations( array(
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileA, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty> (file:<orginal contents>)
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileD, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<empty>, D:<A>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileB, 'dst' => $fileC ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<A>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileD, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<B>, B:<empty>, C:<empty>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileA, 'dst' => $fileC ),
                        // Now: A:<B>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileA, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<empty>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'null' ),
                        // Does nothing
                ) );

                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status, "Operation batch succeeded" );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(), "Operation batch succeeded" );
                $this->assertEquals( 13, count( $status->success ),
                        "Operation batch has correct success array" );

                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileA ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileA" );
                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileB ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileB" );
                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileD ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileD" );

                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "File exists at $fileC" );
                $this->assertEquals( $fileBContents,
                        $this->backend->getFileContents( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "Correct file contents of $fileC" );
                $this->assertEquals( strlen( $fileBContents ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "Correct file size of $fileC" );
                $this->assertEquals( wfBaseConvert( sha1( $fileBContents ), 16, 36, 31 ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSha1Base36( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "Correct file SHA-1 of $fileC" );
        }

        public function testDoOperationsPipeline() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDoOperationsPipeline();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDoOperationsPipeline();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        // concurrency orientated
        private function doTestDoOperationsPipeline() {
                $base = self::baseStorePath();

                $fileAContents = '3tqtmoeatmn4wg4qe-mg3qt3 tq';
                $fileBContents = 'g-jmq3gpqgt3qtg q3GT ';
                $fileCContents = 'eigna[ogmewt 3qt g3qg flew[ag';

                $tmpNameA = TempFSFile::factory( "unittests_", 'txt' )->getPath();
                file_put_contents( $tmpNameA, $fileAContents );
                $tmpNameB = TempFSFile::factory( "unittests_", 'txt' )->getPath();
                file_put_contents( $tmpNameB, $fileBContents );
                $tmpNameC = TempFSFile::factory( "unittests_", 'txt' )->getPath();
                file_put_contents( $tmpNameC, $fileCContents );

                $this->filesToPrune[] = $tmpNameA; # avoid file leaking
                $this->filesToPrune[] = $tmpNameB; # avoid file leaking
                $this->filesToPrune[] = $tmpNameC; # avoid file leaking

                $fileA = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileA.txt";
                $fileB = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileB.txt";
                $fileC = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileC.txt";
                $fileD = "$base/unittest-cont1/e/a/b/fileD.txt";

                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileA ) ) );
                $this->create( array( 'dst' => $fileA, 'content' => $fileAContents ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileB ) ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileC ) ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileD ) ) );

                $status = $this->backend->doOperations( array(
                        array( 'op' => 'store', 'src' => $tmpNameA, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        array( 'op' => 'store', 'src' => $tmpNameB, 'dst' => $fileB, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        array( 'op' => 'store', 'src' => $tmpNameC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileA, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty> (file:<orginal contents>)
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileD, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<empty>, D:<A>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileB, 'dst' => $fileC ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<A>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileD, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<B>, B:<empty>, C:<empty>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileA, 'dst' => $fileC ),
                        // Now: A:<B>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileA, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<empty>, B:<empty>, C:<B>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Does nothing
                        array( 'op' => 'null' ),
                        // Does nothing
                ) );

                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status, "Operation batch succeeded" );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(), "Operation batch succeeded" );
                $this->assertEquals( 16, count( $status->success ),
                        "Operation batch has correct success array" );

                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileA ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileA" );
                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileB ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileB" );
                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileD ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileD" );

                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "File exists at $fileC" );
                $this->assertEquals( $fileBContents,
                        $this->backend->getFileContents( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "Correct file contents of $fileC" );
                $this->assertEquals( strlen( $fileBContents ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "Correct file size of $fileC" );
                $this->assertEquals( wfBaseConvert( sha1( $fileBContents ), 16, 36, 31 ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSha1Base36( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "Correct file SHA-1 of $fileC" );
        }

        public function testDoOperationsFailing() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDoOperationsFailing();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestDoOperationsFailing();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestDoOperationsFailing() {
                $base = self::baseStorePath();

                $fileA = "$base/unittest-cont2/a/b/fileA.txt";
                $fileAContents = '3tqtmoeatmn4wg4qe-mg3qt3 tq';
                $fileB = "$base/unittest-cont2/a/b/fileB.txt";
                $fileBContents = 'g-jmq3gpqgt3qtg q3GT ';
                $fileC = "$base/unittest-cont2/a/b/fileC.txt";
                $fileCContents = 'eigna[ogmewt 3qt g3qg flew[ag';
                $fileD = "$base/unittest-cont2/a/b/fileD.txt";

                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileA ) ) );
                $this->create( array( 'dst' => $fileA, 'content' => $fileAContents ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileB ) ) );
                $this->create( array( 'dst' => $fileB, 'content' => $fileBContents ) );
                $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $fileC ) ) );
                $this->create( array( 'dst' => $fileC, 'content' => $fileCContents ) );

                $status = $this->backend->doOperations( array(
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileA, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty> (file:<orginal contents>)
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'copy', 'src' => $fileB, 'dst' => $fileD, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<B>
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileC, 'dst' => $fileD ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty> (failed)
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileB, 'dst' => $fileC, 'overwriteSame' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<A>, B:<B>, C:<A>, D:<empty> (failed)
                        array( 'op' => 'move', 'src' => $fileB, 'dst' => $fileA, 'overwrite' => 1 ),
                        // Now: A:<B>, B:<empty>, C:<A>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'delete', 'src' => $fileD ),
                        // Now: A:<B>, B:<empty>, C:<A>, D:<empty>
                        array( 'op' => 'null' ),
                        // Does nothing
                ), array( 'force' => 1 ) );

                $this->assertNotEquals( array(), $status->errors, "Operation had warnings" );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(), "Operation batch succeeded" );
                $this->assertEquals( 8, count( $status->success ),
                        "Operation batch has correct success array" );

                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileB ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileB" );
                $this->assertEquals( false, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileD ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileD" );

                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileA ) ),
                        "File does not exist at $fileA" );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $this->backend->fileExists( array( 'src' => $fileC ) ),
                        "File exists at $fileC" );
                $this->assertEquals( $fileBContents,
                        $this->backend->getFileContents( array( 'src' => $fileA ) ),
                        "Correct file contents of $fileA" );
                $this->assertEquals( strlen( $fileBContents ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSize( array( 'src' => $fileA ) ),
                        "Correct file size of $fileA" );
                $this->assertEquals( wfBaseConvert( sha1( $fileBContents ), 16, 36, 31 ),
                        $this->backend->getFileSha1Base36( array( 'src' => $fileA ) ),
                        "Correct file SHA-1 of $fileA" );
        }

        public function testGetFileList() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileList();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetFileList();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestGetFileList() {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();
                $base = self::baseStorePath();

                // Should have no errors
                $iter = $this->backend->getFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont-notexists" ) );

                $files = array(
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/test1.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/test2.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/test3.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir1/test1.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir1/test2.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/test3.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/test4.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/test1.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/test2.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/test3.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/test4.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/test5.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/sub/test0.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/sub/120-px-file.txt",
                );

                // Add the files
                $ops = array();
                foreach ( $files as $file ) {
                        $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $file ) ) );
                        $ops[] = array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => 'xxy', 'dst' => $file );
                }
                $status = $this->backend->doQuickOperations( $ops );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Creation of files succeeded ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                        "Creation of files succeeded with OK status ($backendName)." );

                // Expected listing
                $expected = array(
                        "e/test1.txt",
                        "e/test2.txt",
                        "e/test3.txt",
                        "e/subdir1/test1.txt",
                        "e/subdir1/test2.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/test3.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/test4.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir/test1.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir/test2.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir/test3.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir/test4.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir/test5.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir/sub/test0.txt",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir/sub/120-px-file.txt",
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (no trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct file listing ($backendName)." );

                // Actual listing (with trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct file listing ($backendName)." );

                // Expected listing
                $expected = array(
                        "test1.txt",
                        "test2.txt",
                        "test3.txt",
                        "test4.txt",
                        "test5.txt",
                        "sub/test0.txt",
                        "sub/120-px-file.txt",
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (no trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct file listing ($backendName)." );

                // Actual listing (with trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct file listing ($backendName)." );

                // Actual listing (using iterator second time)
                $list = array();
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct file listing ($backendName), second iteration." );

                // Expected listing (top files only)
                $expected = array(
                        "test1.txt",
                        "test2.txt",
                        "test3.txt",
                        "test4.txt",
                        "test5.txt"
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (top files only)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getTopFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct top file listing ($backendName)." );

                foreach ( $files as $file ) { // clean up
                        $this->backend->doOperation( array( 'op' => 'delete', 'src' => $file ) );
                }

                $iter = $this->backend->getFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/not/exists" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $iter ) {} // no errors
        }

        public function testGetDirectoryList() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetDirectoryList();
                $this->tearDownFiles();

                $this->backend = $this->multiBackend;
                $this->tearDownFiles();
                $this->doTestGetDirectoryList();
                $this->tearDownFiles();
        }

        private function doTestGetDirectoryList() {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $files = array(
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/test1.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/test2.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/test3.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir1/test1.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir1/test2.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/test3.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/test4.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir/test1.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir3/subdir/test2.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir4/subdir/test3.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir4/subdir/test4.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir4/subdir/test5.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir4/subdir/sub/test0.txt",
                        "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir4/subdir/sub/120-px-file.txt",
                );

                // Add the files
                $ops = array();
                foreach ( $files as $file ) {
                        $this->prepare( array( 'dir' => dirname( $file ) ) );
                        $ops[] = array( 'op' => 'create', 'content' => 'xxy', 'dst' => $file );
                }
                $status = $this->backend->doQuickOperations( $ops );
                $this->assertGoodStatus( $status,
                        "Creation of files succeeded ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                        "Creation of files succeeded with OK status ($backendName)." );

                $this->assertEquals( true,
                        $this->backend->directoryExists( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir1" ) ),
                        "Directory exists in ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( true,
                        $this->backend->directoryExists( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/subdir" ) ),
                        "Directory exists in ($backendName)." );
                $this->assertEquals( false,
                        $this->backend->directoryExists( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/test1.txt" ) ),
                        "Directory does not exists in ($backendName)." );

                // Expected listing
                $expected = array(
                        "e",
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (no trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getTopDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct top dir listing ($backendName)." );

                // Expected listing
                $expected = array(
                        "subdir1",
                        "subdir2",
                        "subdir3",
                        "subdir4",
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (no trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getTopDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct top dir listing ($backendName)." );

                // Actual listing (with trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getTopDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct top dir listing ($backendName)." );

                // Expected listing
                $expected = array(
                        "subdir",
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (no trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getTopDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct top dir listing ($backendName)." );

                // Actual listing (with trailing slash)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getTopDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir2/" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct top dir listing ($backendName)." );

                // Actual listing (using iterator second time)
                $list = array();
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct top dir listing ($backendName), second iteration." );

                // Expected listing (recursive)
                $expected = array(
                        "e",
                        "e/subdir1",
                        "e/subdir2",
                        "e/subdir3",
                        "e/subdir4",
                        "e/subdir2/subdir",
                        "e/subdir3/subdir",
                        "e/subdir4/subdir",
                        "e/subdir4/subdir/sub",
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (recursive)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct dir listing ($backendName)." );

                // Expected listing (recursive)
                $expected = array(
                        "subdir",
                        "subdir/sub",
                );
                sort( $expected );

                // Actual listing (recursive)
                $list = array();
                $iter = $this->backend->getDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/e/subdir4" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct dir listing ($backendName)." );

                // Actual listing (recursive, second time)
                $list = array();
                foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                        $list[] = $file;
                }
                sort( $list );

                $this->assertEquals( $expected, $list, "Correct dir listing ($backendName)." );

                foreach ( $files as $file ) { // clean up
                        $this->backend->doOperation( array( 'op' => 'delete', 'src' => $file ) );
                }

                $iter = $this->backend->getDirectoryList( array( 'dir' => "$base/unittest-cont1/not/exists" ) );
                foreach ( $iter as $iter ) {} // no errors
        }

        public function testLockCalls() {
                $this->backend = $this->singleBackend;
                $this->doTestLockCalls();
        }

        private function doTestLockCalls() {
                $backendName = $this->backendClass();

                for ( $i=0; $i<50; $i++ ) {
                        $paths = array(
                                "test1.txt",
                                "test2.txt",
                                "test3.txt",
                                "subdir1",
                                "subdir1", // duplicate
                                "subdir1/test1.txt",
                                "subdir1/test2.txt",
                                "subdir2",
                                "subdir2", // duplicate
                                "subdir2/test3.txt",
                                "subdir2/test4.txt",
                                "subdir2/subdir",
                                "subdir2/subdir/test1.txt",
                                "subdir2/subdir/test2.txt",
                                "subdir2/subdir/test3.txt",
                                "subdir2/subdir/test4.txt",
                                "subdir2/subdir/test5.txt",
                                "subdir2/subdir/sub",
                                "subdir2/subdir/sub/test0.txt",
                                "subdir2/subdir/sub/120-px-file.txt",
                        );

                        $status = $this->backend->lockFiles( $paths, LockManager::LOCK_EX );
                        $this->assertEquals( array(), $status->errors,
                                "Locking of files succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Locking of files succeeded with OK status ($backendName)." );

                        $status = $this->backend->lockFiles( $paths, LockManager::LOCK_SH );
                        $this->assertEquals( array(), $status->errors,
                                "Locking of files succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Locking of files succeeded with OK status ($backendName)." );

                        $status = $this->backend->unlockFiles( $paths, LockManager::LOCK_SH );
                        $this->assertEquals( array(), $status->errors,
                                "Locking of files succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Locking of files succeeded with OK status ($backendName)." );

                        $status = $this->backend->unlockFiles( $paths, LockManager::LOCK_EX );
                        $this->assertEquals( array(), $status->errors,
                                "Locking of files succeeded ($backendName)." );
                        $this->assertEquals( true, $status->isOK(),
                                "Locking of files succeeded with OK status ($backendName)." );
                }
        }

        // test helper wrapper for backend prepare() function
        private function prepare( array $params ) {
                return $this->backend->prepare( $params );
        }

        // test helper wrapper for backend prepare() function
        private function create( array $params ) {
                $params['op'] = 'create';
                return $this->backend->doQuickOperations( array( $params ) );
        }

        function tearDownFiles() {
                foreach ( $this->filesToPrune as $file ) {
                        @unlink( $file );
                }
                $containers = array( 'unittest-cont1', 'unittest-cont2' );
                foreach ( $containers as $container ) {
                        $this->deleteFiles( $container );
                }
                $this->filesToPrune = array();
        }

        private function deleteFiles( $container ) {
                $base = self::baseStorePath();
                $iter = $this->backend->getFileList( array( 'dir' => "$base/$container" ) );
                if ( $iter ) {
                        foreach ( $iter as $file ) {
                                $this->backend->quickDelete( array( 'src' => "$base/$container/$file" ) );
                        }
                }
                $this->backend->clean( array( 'dir' => "$base/$container", 'recursive' => 1 ) );
        }

        function assertBackendPathsConsistent( array $paths ) {
                if ( $this->backend instanceof FileBackendMultiWrite ) {
                        $status = $this->backend->consistencyCheck( $paths );
                        $this->assertGoodStatus( $status, "Files synced: " . implode( ',', $paths ) );
                }
        }

        function assertGoodStatus( $status, $msg ) {
                $this->assertEquals( print_r( array(), 1 ), print_r( $status->errors, 1 ), $msg );
        }
}