Execute a specific command in a given directory without cd'ing to it?

How about ./your/path/command.sh?

Some programs have options with which you can tell them to chdir(2) themselves (e.g. GNU tar’s -C/--directory).

Outside of such programs though, something will have to chdir. You could write and use some sort of compiled “binary” program instead of having the shell do it, but it probably would not yield much benefit.

In a comment in another answer, you gave an example:

execindirectory -d /var/log "cp *.log ~/Desktop"

Since the *.log pattern is expanded by the shell itself (not cp), something will have to chdir to the directory before having a shell evaluate your command.

If you are just interesting in avoiding having to “cd back”, then you can use a subshell to isolate the effect of the cd from your working shell instance.

(cd /path/to/dir && some command)

You can package this up in a shell function. (I dropped the -d option from your example usage since there is little point to this command if the directory is actually optional.)

runindir() { (cd "$1" && shift && eval "$@"); }

runindir /var/log 'cp *.log ~/Desktop'  # your example
runindir /var/log cp \*.log \~/Desktop  # eval takes multiple args

runindir /var/log cp \*.log ~/Desktop   # it is okay to expand tilde first

Sadly, your example:

execindirectory -d /var/log "cp *.log ~/Desktop"

doesn't need a change to the dir, because

cp /var/log/*.log ~/Desktop

would do the same. Can't you get closer to your real problem? Because we might know a better solution for that too.

A complicated way to solve your problem, which is far away from the elegance of Michaels solution, is the usage of find, which has a switch '-execdir' to be performed in the dir, where a file is found. Badly adopted to your example:

find /var/log -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.log" -execdir echo cp {} ~/Desktop ";"

Maybe it is useful for your real problem. -okdir instead of -execdir will ask you to confirm every invocation.

-okdir and -execdir might need gnu-find to be installed, which is typically used on Linux.

Not to undermine the value of answers given by other people, but I believe what you want is this:

(cd /path/to && ./executable [ARGS])

Note the parens to invoke cd in a sub-shell.

Here is something that should let you cd back where you were (using Bash), since not forgetting to do so seems to be the purpose of the question:

# Save where you are and cd to other dir
pushd /path/to/dir/that/needs/to/be/current/dir

run-your-command

# Get back where you were at the beginning.
popd

(EDIT: slightly shorter version, thanks to @Random832)