Red's suggestion above was very helpful. With some (errr... a lot) of trial and error, I was able to make some tweaks to the Ribbon. I present this answer in hopes that my trial and error will be useful to someone else who is equally unfamiliar with XML:
I disable several commands that I was looking to disable, that was relatively easy:
<commands>
<command idMso="ViewSlideSorterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewNotesPageView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewSlideShowReadingView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewSlideMasterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewHandoutMasterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewNotesMasterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="WindowNew" enabled="false"/>
</commands>
Since I am fussing with the XML, I decide also to migrate my add-in's commands from a legacy CommandBar
(under the Add-Ins Tab group) to a custom ribbon tab, so this XML also contains a working example of a new Tab, which consists of a Group, a menu, and a few buttons in that menu.
Here is the validated XML including the disabled commands and the custom tab menu:
<customUI xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2009/07/customui">
<commands>
<command idMso="ViewSlideSorterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewNotesPageView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewSlideShowReadingView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewSlideMasterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewHandoutMasterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="ViewNotesMasterView" enabled="false"/>
<command idMso="WindowNew" enabled="false"/>
</commands>
<ribbon startFromScratch="false">
<tabs>
<tab idMso="TabView">
<group idMso="GroupPresentationViews" visible="true"/>
<group idMso="GroupMasterViews" visible="true"/>
</tab>
<tab id="MyNewTab" label="My Tab Label">
<group id="MyGroupMain" label="My Group Label">
<menu id="MyMenu" imageMso="HappyFace" size="large">
<button id="MyLaunchButton" label="Launch Tiger" onAction="macro1" />
<button id="MyInfoButton" label="Info" onAction="macro2" />
<button id="MyVersionButton" label="Version" onAction="macro3" />
<button id="MyHelpButton" label="Help" onAction="macro4" />
</menu>
</group>
</tab>
</tabs>
</ribbon>
</customUI>
I have not hooked my subroutines/macros in to these buttons yet, but that should not be terribly difficult.
I would not have been able to get through this without stumbling upon this link, which contains a batch of Excel files (for each Application) listing all of the menu items by type, id, relationship to other items, etc.
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=6627