Have you taken an algorithms course? Have you heard of the Big-O notation? You need to know about limits and derivatives to understand what Big-O means, and why an exponential algorithm will take forever, while a quadratic algorithm might be feasible.
Many areas, such as operating systems or databases require the knowledge of probability and statics. And you cannot explain continuous probability distributions without talking about integrals.
I could go on and on, but let me conclude with this thought. If you wish to be good at what you do, you should not be asking "Why do I need to learn X?". You should be asking "Which X should I learn first."