Getting output from and giving commands to a python subprocess

Question

I am trying to get output from a subprocess and then give commands to that process based on the preceding output. I need to do this a variable number of times, when the program needs further input. (I also need to be able to hide the subprocess command prompt if possible).

I figured this would be an easy task given that I have seen this problem being discussed in posts from 2003 and it is nearly 2012 and it appears to be a pretty common need and really seems like it should be a basic part of any programming language. Apparently I was wrong and somehow almost 9 years later there is still no standard way of accomplishing this task in a stable, non-destructive, platform independent way!

I don't really understand much about file i/o and buffering or threading so I would prefer a solution that is as simple as possible. If there is a module that accomplishes this that is compatible with python 3.x, I would be very willing to download it. I realize that there are multiple questions that ask basically the same thing, but I have yet to find an answer that addresses the simple task that I am trying to accomplish.

Here is the code I have so far based on a variety of sources; however I have absolutely no idea what to do next. All my attempts ended in failure and some managed to use 100% of my CPU (to do basically nothing) and would not quit.

import subprocess
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
p = Popen(r'C:\postgis_testing\shellcomm.bat',stdin=PIPE,stdout=PIPE,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT shell=True)
stdout,stdin = p.communicate(b'command string')

In case my question is unclear I am posting the text of the sample batch file that I demonstrates a situation in which it is necessary to send multiple commands to the subprocess (if you type an incorrect command string the program loops).

@echo off
:looper
set INPUT=
set /P INPUT=Type the correct command string:
if "%INPUT%" == "command string" (echo you are correct) else (goto looper)

If anyone can help me I would very much appreciate it, and I'm sure many others would as well!

EDIT here is the functional code using eryksun's code (next post) :

import subprocess
import threading
import time
import sys

try: 
    import queue
except ImportError:
    import Queue as queue

def read_stdout(stdout, q, p):
    it = iter(lambda: stdout.read(1), b'')
    for c in it:
        q.put(c)
        if stdout.closed:
            break

_encoding = getattr(sys.stdout, 'encoding', 'latin-1')
def get_stdout(q, encoding=_encoding):
    out = []
    while 1:
        try:
            out.append(q.get(timeout=0.2))
        except queue.Empty:
            break
    return b''.join(out).rstrip().decode(encoding)

def printout(q):
    outdata = get_stdout(q)
    if outdata:
        print('Output: %s' % outdata)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #setup
    p = subprocess.Popen(['shellcomm.bat'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, 
                     stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, 
                     bufsize=0, shell=True) # I put shell=True to hide prompt
    q = queue.Queue()
    encoding = getattr(sys.stdin, 'encoding', 'utf-8')

    #for reading stdout
    t = threading.Thread(target=read_stdout, args=(p.stdout, q, p))
    t.daemon = True
    t.start()

    #command loop
    while p.poll() is None:
        printout(q)
        cmd = input('Input: ')
        cmd = (cmd + '\n').encode(encoding)
        p.stdin.write(cmd)
        time.sleep(0.1) # I added this to give some time to check for closure (otherwise it doesn't work)

    #tear down
    for n in range(4):
        rc = p.poll()
        if rc is not None:
            break
        time.sleep(0.25)
    else:
        p.terminate()
        rc = p.poll()
        if rc is None:
            rc = 1

    printout(q)
    print('Return Code: %d' % rc)

However when the script is run from a command prompt the following happens:

C:\Users\username>python C:\postgis_testing\shellcomm7.py
Input: sth
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\postgis_testing\shellcomm7.py", line 51, in <module>
    p.stdin.write(cmd)
IOError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument

It seems that the program closes out when run from command prompt. any ideas?

eryksun · Accepted Answer · 2011-11-28 00:20:13Z

This demo uses a dedicated thread to read from stdout. If you search around, I'm sure you can find a more complete implementation written up in an object oriented interface. At least I can say this is working for me with your provided batch file in both Python 2.7.2 and 3.2.2.

shellcomm.bat:

@echo off
echo Command Loop Test
echo.
:looper
set INPUT=
set /P INPUT=Type the correct command string:
if "%INPUT%" == "command string" (echo you are correct) else (goto looper)

Here's what I get for output based on the sequence of commands "wrong", "still wrong", and "command string":

Output:
Command Loop Test

Type the correct command string:
Input: wrong
Output:
Type the correct command string:
Input: still wrong
Output:
Type the correct command string:
Input: command string
Output:
you are correct

Return Code: 0

For reading the piped output, readline might work sometimes, but set /P INPUT in the batch file naturally isn't writing a line ending. So instead I used lambda: stdout.read(1) to read a byte at a time (not so efficient, but it works). The reading function puts the data on a queue. The main thread gets the output from the queue after it writes a a command. Using a timeout on the get call here makes it wait a small amount of time to ensure the program is waiting for input. Instead you could check the output for prompts to know when the program is expecting input.

All that said, you can't expect a setup like this to work universally because the console program you're trying to interact with might buffer its output when piped. In Unix systems there are some utility commands available that you can insert into a pipe to modify the buffering to be non-buffered, line-buffered, or a given size -- such as stdbuf. There are also ways to trick the program into thinking it's connected to a pty (see pexpect). However, I don't know a way around this problem on Windows if you don't have access to the program's source code to explicitly set the buffering using setvbuf.

import subprocess
import threading
import time
import sys

if sys.version_info.major >= 3:
    import queue
else:
    import Queue as queue
    input = raw_input

def read_stdout(stdout, q):
    it = iter(lambda: stdout.read(1), b'')
    for c in it:
        q.put(c)
        if stdout.closed:
            break

_encoding = getattr(sys.stdout, 'encoding', 'latin-1')
def get_stdout(q, encoding=_encoding):
    out = []
    while 1:
        try:
            out.append(q.get(timeout=0.2))
        except queue.Empty:
            break
    return b''.join(out).rstrip().decode(encoding)

def printout(q):
    outdata = get_stdout(q)
    if outdata:
        print('Output:\n%s' % outdata)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    ARGS = ["shellcomm.bat"]   ### Modify this

    #setup
    p = subprocess.Popen(ARGS, bufsize=0, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, 
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    q = queue.Queue()
    encoding = getattr(sys.stdin, 'encoding', 'utf-8')

    #for reading stdout
    t = threading.Thread(target=read_stdout, args=(p.stdout, q))
    t.daemon = True
    t.start()

    #command loop
    while 1:
        printout(q)
        if p.poll() is not None or p.stdin.closed:
            break
        cmd = input('Input: ') 
        cmd = (cmd + '\n').encode(encoding)
        p.stdin.write(cmd)

    #tear down
    for n in range(4):
        rc = p.poll()
        if rc is not None:
            break
        time.sleep(0.25)
    else:
        p.terminate()
        rc = p.poll()
        if rc is None:
            rc = 1

    printout(q)
    print('\nReturn Code: %d' % rc)

Thank you very much for this it works perfectly in IDLE, but when I run the modified code (see my edit in my original post) it gives me the following error C:\Users\username>python C:\postgis_testing\shellcomm7.py Input: sth Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\postgis_testing\shellcomm7.py", line 51, in <module> p.stdin.write(cmd) IOError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument It seems that the program closes out when run from command prompt. any ideas?
@THX1138: I modified the loop to poll the process and check stdin before asking for input. It breaks if the process has exited. I also removed the process object from the read_stdout args; it was left in by mistake from my first draft.
When I run the new code from a command prompt I get the error: C:\Users\username>python C:\postgis_testing\shellcomm8.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\postgis_testing\shellcomm8.py", line 38, in <module> bufsize=0) File "C:\Python32\lib\subprocess.py", line 741, in init restore_signals, start_new_session) File "C:\Python32\lib\subprocess.py", line 960, in _execute_child startupinfo) WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified
@THX1138: I have the batch file shellcomm.bat in the current working directory. You should call Popen with the fully qualified path to the batch file.
Thanks that works, I had assumed I put in a fully qualified path name but in actuality I had forgotten to.

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Getting output from and giving commands to a python subprocess

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