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Let $V$ be a vector space over $\Bbb F$, and let $x\not=0,y\not=0 $ be two elements in $V$.

I want to show that $x\otimes_{_F} y=y\otimes_{_F} x$ iff $x=ay$ where $a\in \Bbb F$.

I know the second direction, so only want to see the first direction (If case).

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  • $\begingroup$ If $e_1,\ldots,e_n$ is a basis for $V$ what is a basis for the tensor product? Have you tried using this to solve your problem? $\endgroup$
    – user38268
    Commented Dec 6, 2013 at 8:55
  • $\begingroup$ So the "if" case is $\Leftarrow$, and the "only if" case is $\Rightarrow$. I don't know about others, but the "first" direction seems to be the $\Rightarrow$ case. Asking about "if/onlyif" directions is a lot better than this "first/second" code, but really it would be best if you just clearly wrote the question in terms of the one direction you wanted to see. It looks like if you don't do this, there are a lot of opportunities to ask about the wrong direction, and for the reader to answer the wrong direction. Regards $\endgroup$
    – rschwieb
    Commented Dec 6, 2013 at 14:02

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So for such $x,y\neq 0$, you want to show $x\otimes y=y\otimes x$ in $V\otimes_F V$ if $x=ay$ for some $a\in F$.

Then $x\otimes y=ay\otimes y=y\otimes ay=y\otimes x$.

Since this seems by far to be the easier half of the problem, I am beginning to wonder if you meant to ask about the other direction.

Suppose $x,y$ are linearly independent. As such, this pair can be extended with other elements of $V$ to form a basis $\beta$ of $V$. We know that given a basis $\{b_i\mid i\in I\}$ for $V$, we automatically have a basis $\{b_i\otimes b_j\mid i,j\in I\}$ for $V\otimes_F V$.

Applying this to our basis $\beta$, we have that $x\otimes y$ and $y\otimes x$ are linearly independent elements of a basis of $V\otimes_F V$, and so certainly $x\otimes y\neq y\otimes x$.

By proving the contrapositive, we've shown that if $x\otimes y=y\otimes x$, then $x,y$ are linearly dependent, hence $x=ay$ for some $a\in F$.

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Take a set of basis $e_1,\ldots,e_n$ of $V$ and let $x=\sum_ {i}x^ie_i,~y=\sum_ {j}y^je_j$, then $$x\otimes y=\sum_ {i,j}(x^ie_i)\otimes(y^je_j)=\sum_ {i,j}x^iy^je_i\otimes e_j$$ $$y\otimes x=\sum_ {i,j}y^jx^ie_j\otimes e_i$$ The symmetry implies $$x^iy^j=x^jy^i$$ That is, $$\frac{x^i}{y^i}=\frac{x^j}{y^j}=a$$ for some constant $a$.

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  • $\begingroup$ What are $x^i, y^i$? $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 6, 2013 at 16:02
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    $\begingroup$ @MatHeMatCian The $i$-th component of vector $\endgroup$
    – Shuchang
    Commented Dec 6, 2013 at 16:07

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