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In Windows, all you have to type is "List Disk" using DisPart in a command prompt and it'll list all physical storage devices available, their size, format, etc. How do I do this in Linux?

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Physical storages, nothing logical like partitions? –  Braiam 8 hours ago

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In linux there are many tools for that, try for example lsblk or fdisk -l or parted -l.

Example

$ lsblk | head -8 | expand | column -t
NAME           MAJ:MIN  RM  SIZE    RO  TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda            8:0      0   238.5G  0   disk
├─sda1         8:1      0   200M    0   part  /boot/efi
├─sda2         8:2      0   500M    0   part  /boot
└─sda3         8:3      0   237.8G  0   part
├─fedora-root  253:0    0   50G     0   lvm   /
├─fedora-swap  253:1    0   2G      0   lvm   [SWAP]
└─fedora-home  253:2    0   185.9G  0   lvm

Here I'm showing the first 8 lines of the output generated by lsblk.

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up vote 0 down vote

Another way to quickly see the filesystems is command df On my machine (finnish localization) shows like this:

ptakala@athlon:/mnt$ df
Tiedostojärjestelmä 1K-lohkot      Käyt   Vapaana Käy% Liitospiste
/dev/root            38317204  19601752  16762352  54% /
devtmpfs              4063816         0   4063816   0% /dev
tmpfs                 4097592     81988   4015604   3% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 4097592     10120   4087472   1% /run
tmpfs                    5120         8      5112   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                 4097592         0   4097592   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda9           535267140 287403688 220666804  57% /work
/dev/sda7           288239836 201635356  71956016  74% /home
tmpfs                  819520         4    819516   1% /run/user/113
tmpfs                  819520         8    819512   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1            39070048  37083304   1986744  95% /mnt/sda1
/dev/sda10           22662140  14032580   8629560  62% /mnt/sda10
/dev/sda5            29280176  20578032   8702144  71% /mnt/sda5

It wont show the file system type, but usually it is non-essential, and you see by one eyedrop everything needed.

human readable mode:

ptakala@athlon:/mnt$ df -h
Tiedostojärjestelmä  Koko  Käyt Vapaa Käy% Liitospiste
/dev/root             37G   19G   16G  54% /
devtmpfs             3,9G     0  3,9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                4,0G   89M  3,9G   3% /dev/shm
tmpfs                4,0G  9,9M  3,9G   1% /run
tmpfs                5,0M  8,0K  5,0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                4,0G     0  4,0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda9            511G  275G  211G  57% /work
/dev/sda7            275G  193G   69G  74% /home
tmpfs                801M  4,0K  801M   1% /run/user/113
tmpfs                801M  8,0K  801M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1             38G   36G  1,9G  95% /mnt/sda1
/dev/sda10            22G   14G  8,3G  62% /mnt/sda10
/dev/sda5             28G   20G  8,3G  71% /mnt/sda5
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