Pyth, 9 * 0.5 = 4.5 bytes

smrhQhdUQ

With help from @FryAmTheEggman

Try it online.

Explanation

s             reduce + on list
 m            map
  rhQhd       lambda d: reversed(range(d+1, Q+1)), over
       UQ     range(Q)

where Q is the input.

Ruby (recursive), 41 bytes * 0.5 = 20.5

def n(n,i=1);i>n ?[]:n(n,i+1)+[*i..n];end

Or using a lambda (as recommended by histocrat): 37 bytes * 0.5 = 18.5

$n=->n,i=1{i>n ?[]:$n[n,i+1]+[*i..n]}

(call using $n[argument])

C# - 81bytes (161bytes * 0.5)

Simple job in C#, hopefully gets the no-neibouring-numbers bonus. Reads an int from stdin, writes out an array like the example to stdout.

class P{static void Main(){int n=int.Parse(System.Console.ReadLine()),m=n-1,i;var R="["+n;for(;m-->0;)for(i=m;i++<n;)R+=", "+i;System.Console.WriteLine(R+"]");}}

More readable:

class P
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int n=int.Parse(System.Console.ReadLine()),m=n-1,i;
        var R="["+n;
        for(;m-->0;)
            for(i=m;i++<n;)
                R+=", "+i;
        System.Console.WriteLine(R+"]");
    }
}

Examples output:

n = 5
[5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

C, 22 = 44 bytes * 0.5

The function h takes two parameters. The first is an int specifying n. The second is an int* which is the output buffer.

h(n,o)int*o;{for(n&&h(~-n,o+=n);*--o=n--;);}

Test program

main(){
int wow[999],*i;
memset(wow,0,sizeof(wow));
h(6, wow);
for(i=wow;*i;i++)printf("%d ", *i);
}

Python 2, 53 * 0.5 = 26.5 bytes

i=n=input()
x=[]
while i:x+=range(i,n+1);i-=1
print x

Shamelessly borrowed @VisualMelon's idea

Pyth - 15 10 * .5 = 5

smr-QdhQUQ

Try it online.

Expects input on stdin. Independently discovered algorithm. Thanks @Sp3000 for helping me stick the last Q in there :P Also, irony? XD

Explanation:

Q=eval(input())       : implicit
s                     : The sum of...
 m      UQ            : map(...,range(Q))
  r-QdhQ              : range(Q-d,Q+1)

JavaScript, ES6, 41 bytes

f=i=>[...Array(i).fill(i),...i?f(--i):[]]

This creates a function f which can be called like f(6) and it returns the required array.

This uses a recursive approach, where each iteration creates an array of i elements all valued i and concatenates an array returned by f(i-1) with stopping condition of i==0.

Works on latest Firefox.

Haskell, 34 * 0.5 = 17 bytes

0%n=[]
i%n=[i..n]++(i-1)%n
g n=n%n

That's the first time I've ever used Haskell for golfing. Call with g <number>.

CJam, 12 15 bytes * 0.5 = 7.5

li_,f{),f-W%~}`

This is full STDIN-to-STDOUT program. It concatenates increasing suffixes of the 1 ... n range, which ensures that no two adjacent numbers are identical.

Test it here.

Haskell, 31 characters = 15.5 score

f n=[y|x<-[n,n-1..1],y<-[x..n]]

27 characters without the bonus

f n=[x|x<-[1..n],_<-[1..x]]

vba, 76*0.5=38

Sub i(q)
For Z=1 To q:For x=q To Z Step -1:Debug.?x;",";:Next:Next
End Sub

GolfScript (14 bytes * 0.5 = score 7)

 ~:x,{~x),>~}%`

Online demo

I think this is probably similar to some existing answers in that it builds up the array concat( [n], [n-1, n], [n-2, n-1, n], ..., [1, 2, ..., n] )

Sadly I wasn't able to golf any further the arguably more elegant:

~:x]{{,{x\-}/}%}2*`

which puts the input x into an array and then twice applies {,{x\-}/}%, which maps each element in an array to a count down of that many elements from x.

perl ,26 bytes

for(1..$n){print"$_ "x$_;}

Bash with seq, expr and xargs = 59 / 2 = 29.5

Save it and run with the number as the first argument.

seq $1|xargs -n1 seq|xargs -n1 expr $1 + 1 -|sed 1d;echo $1

Bash + coreutils, 28/2 = 14

Shamelessly stealing @pgy's idea and golfing:

seq -f"seq %g $1" $1 -1 1|sh

Pure bash (no coreutils), 30/2 = 15

Eval, escape and expansion hell:

eval eval echo \\{{$1..1}..$1}

T-SQL, 176 * 0.5 = 88

Since you seemed to miss the T-SQL @Optimizer, here it is in all it's verbose glory :).

A couple of function options, a Scalar and a Inline Table Valued function. The Scalar function uses while loops to recurse and returns a string of numbers, where the Inline Table Valued function uses a recursive CTE for a sequence and returns a table. Of course these will never be competitive, so I haven't spent a lot of time golfing.

Inline Table Valued Function, 176 * .5

CREATE FUNCTION F(@ INT)RETURNS TABLE RETURN WITH R AS(SELECT @ N UNION ALL SELECT N-1FROM R WHERE N>0)SELECT B.N FROM R CROSS APPLY(SELECT TOP(R.N)N FROM R A ORDER BY N DESC)B

Called as follows

SELECT * FROM dbo.F(5)

SQLFiddle example

Scalar Function, 220 * .5

CREATE FUNCTION G(@ INT)RETURNS VARCHAR(MAX)AS BEGIN DECLARE @S VARCHAR(MAX),@N INT=1,@I INT,@C INT WHILE @N<=@ BEGIN SELECT @I=@N,@C=@ WHILE @C>=@I BEGIN SELECT @S=CONCAT(@S+',',@C),@C-=1 END SET @N+=1 END RETURN @S END

Called as follows

SELECT dbo.G(5)

SQLFiddle example

C#, 116 + 33 = 149 bytes

Not the shortest code, but... it works anyway :P

int[]l(int m){List<int>i=new List<int>();for(int j=1;j<= m;j++){for(int x=0;x<j;x++){i.Add(j);}}return i.ToArray();}

Requires this at the top of the file (33 bytes):

using System.Collections.Generic;

Un-golfed version:

int[] RepatedNumberList(int m)
{
    List<int> intList = new List<int>();
    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++)
    {
        for (int x = 0; x < j; x++)
        {
            intList.Add(j);
        }
    }
    return initList.ToArray();
}

R, 44 *.5 = 22

f=function(n){r=0;for(i in 1:n)r=c(r,n:i);r}

A quick test

> f(1)
[1] 1
> f(2)
[1] 2 1 2
> f(3)
[1] 3 2 1 3 2 3
> f(4)
 [1] 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 4 3 4

JavaScript, ES6, 66 bytes * 0.5 = 33

f=i=>(g=n=>[...Array(n).fill().map((v,x)=>i-x),...n?g(n-1):[]])(i)

Building on Optimizer's recursive approach, we can build descending runs of decreasing length, like [4,3,2,1, 4,3,2, 4,3, 4].

Instead of making same-value subarrays with Array(i).fill(i), we make undefined-filled subarrays of the appropriate length with Array(n).fill() and then change the values to a descending run using .map((v,x)=>i-x). Also, we define and recurse over an inner function g; the outer function f exists only to store the value of i while g recurses.

Perl, 57 * 0.5 = 28.5

This entry is a subroutine named "l" (for "list"?)

sub l{$d=$n=shift;while($d){for($d--..$n){@a=(@a,$_)}}@a}

You can test it like this:

$"=", ";
@a=l(3);
print "[@a]\n"; # prints "[3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]"
@a=();          # needed because the function does not re-initialize @a
@a=l(5);
print "[@a]\n"; # prints "[5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"

A prior solution is shorter (45 characters), but doesn't print the output prettily so it was disqualified

$d=$n=<>;while($d){for($d--..$n){print"$_ "}}

For an input of 3, this one prints (with a trailing space):

3 2 3 1 2 3 

JAGL V1.1 - 15 bytes

1Ti[r{d()+S*}/E

Explanation:

1Ti               Push 1, take input, and convert to integer
   [r             Increment and make a range
     {d()+S*}     Push a block that makes an array with x occurrences of x
             /E   Map over list and flatten