Besides gaining reputation with your questions and answers, you receive badges for being especially helpful. Badges appear on your profile page, flair, and your posts.
Question Badges
Asked a well-received question on 5 separate days, and maintained a positive question record
541 awarded
Asked a well-received question on 30 separate days, and maintained a positive question record
20 awarded
Asked a well-received question on 100 separate days, and maintained a positive question record
1 awarded
Asked a question with zero score, no answers, no comments, and low views for a week
597 awarded
Answer Badges
Edited and answered 1 question (both actions within 12 hours, answer score > 0)
256 awarded
Highest scoring answer that outscored an accepted answer with score of more than 10 by more than 2x
9 awarded
Participation Badges
Visited an election during any phase of an active election and had enough reputation to cast a vote
Visited the site each day for 30 consecutive days. (Days are counted in UTC.)
392 awarded
Followed the Area 51 proposal for this site before it entered the commitment phase
76 awarded
Voted 10 times, added 3 posts score > 0, and visited the site on 3 separate days during the private beta
25 awarded
Tag Badges
You must have a total score of 100 in at least 20 non-community wiki answers to achieve this badge.
385 awarded
You must have a total score of 400 in at least 80 non-community wiki answers to achieve this badge.
57 awarded
You must have a total score of 1000 in at least 200 non-community wiki answers to achieve this badge.
12 awarded
Moderation Badges
Completed at least one review task. This badge is awarded once per review type
1.4k awarded
Up voted 100 answers on questions where an answer of yours has a positive score
23 awarded