"EEPROM" is typically used to store relatively smaller amounts of code. This is due to the evolution of ROM technologies:
PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) or OTP (one-time programmable) is the oldest type of ROM. These were commonly used in video console cartridges where programmable (and non-modifiable) code was desired. Storage was quite limited, usually measured in bits, and they appeared as "regular integrated circuits." Their retention is very long, but each bit takes up a large area, so producing an IC with large storage capabilities is challenging.
EPROM (Erasable PROM) was the successor to PROM in many ways, however often only differed by the silicon die being visible through a quartz window on top of the chip. Exposing the die to ultraviolet light reset all of the stored bits and it could be programmed again, a limited number of times. These were once used for computer BIOSes, since "upgrading it" meant the ROM just had to be erased and reprogrammed. Their retention is good, however are susceptible to accidental erasure.
EEPROM (electrically-erasable PROM) was the successor to EPROM by allowing the erasure to be done electrically, no longer requiring UV lamps and removing/reinstalling the IC. These too, worked more with bits than bytes or larger units of storage and were quite limited. Retention is quite good, but each bit still takes up quite a bit of space.
FLASH ROM, is the successor to all of these. They are a ROM in the sense that writing data is "permanent" (reality: 10 to 50 years retention or so) but are erasable and reprogrammable. The biggest difference between FLASH and EEPROM is that FLASH is optimized to work on bytes or (blocks/pages) data, so are much faster than EEPROM. This lends them to mass-storage roles more readily than an EEPROM would, and that is why they proliferate the removable media market currently. They also found a way to cram more bits into a given area, increasing the storage density. However as a trade-off, the durability of each bit is lessened.
Now a PIC microcontroller typically has FLASH code memory, and optionally a little bit of EEPROM for general-purpose storage.
The main difference between these on the PIC, and what you want to know is: The FLASH write/erase endurance is about 10,000 times per bit. After that, this bit will be "dead" and no longer usable. The EEPROM write/erase durability is typically 100,000 cycles per bit.
So the bottom line is, use FLASH for your program code, since that usually doesn't change much (if at all) and there is plenty of space for the program (since it is the FLASH type.) Use the EEPROM area for non-volatile data storage, as it has both better retention, and 10x the durability of FLASH.
