PHP and MySQL are usually associated with LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP).
However, most PHP developer ( including me ) are actually using Windows when
developing the PHP application. So this page will only cover the WAMP ( Windows,
Apache, MySQL, PHP ). You will learn how to install Apache, PHP, and MySQL
under Windows platform.
The first step is to download the packages :
You should get the latest version of each packages. As for the example in
this tutorial i'm using Apache 2.0.50 ( apache_2.0.50-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi
), PHP 4.3.10 ( php-4.3.10-Win32.zip ) and MySQL 4.0.18 ( mysql-4.0.18-win.zip
).
Now let's start the installation process one by one.
Installing Apache
Installing apache is easy if you download the Microsoft Installer ( .msi
) package. Just double click on the icon to run the installation wizard.
Click next until you see the Server Information window. You can enter
localhost for both the Network Domain and Server Name. As for the administrator's
email address you can enter anything you want.
I'm using Windows XP and installed Apache as Service so everytime I start
Windows Apache is automatically started.
Click the Next button and choose Typical installation. Click Next one more
time and choose where you want to install Apache ( I installed it in the
default location C:\Program Files\Apache Group
). Click the Next button and then the Install button to complete the installation
process.
To see if you Apache installation was successful open up you browser and
type http://localhost in the address bar.
You should see something like this :
By default Apache's document root is set to htdocs
directory. The document root is where you must put all your PHP
or HTML files so it will be process by Apache ( and can be seen through
a web browser ). Of course you can change it to point to any directory
you want. The configuration file for Apache is stored in C:\Program
Files\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf ( assuming you installed
Apache in C:\Program Files\Apache Group )
. It's just a plain text file so you can use Notepad to edit it.
For example, if you want to put all your PHP or HTML files in C:\www
just find this line in the httpd.conf :
DocumentRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs"
and change it to :
DocumentRoot "C:/www"
After making changes to the configuration file you have to restart Apache
( Start > Programs > Apache HTTP Server 2.0.50
> Control Apache Server > Restart ) to see the effect.
Another configuration you may want to change is the directory index.
This is the file that Apache will show when you request a directory. As
an example if you type http://www.php-mysql-tutorial.com/
without specifying any file the index.php
file will be automatically shown.
Suppose you want apache to use index.html, index.php
or main.php as the directory index you can
modify the DirectoryIndex value like this
:
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php main.php
Now whenever you request a directory such as http://localhost/
Apache will try to find the index.html file
or if it's not found Apache will use index.php.
In case index.php is also not found then
main.php will be used.
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Installing PHP
First, extract the PHP package ( php-4.3.10-Win32.zip ). I extracted the
package in the directory where Apache was installed ( C:\Program
Files\Apache Group\Apache2 ). Change the new created directory name
to php ( just to make it shorter ). Then copy
the file php.ini-dist in PHP directory to you
windows directory ( C:\Windows or C:\Winnt depends on where you installed
Windows ) and rename the file to php.ini. This
is the PHP configuration file and we'll take a look what's in it later on.
Next, move the php4ts.dll file from the newly created php directory into
the sapi subdirectory. Quoting from php installation file you can also
place php4ts.dll in other places such as :
- In the directory where apache.exe is start from ( C:\Program
Files\Apache Group\Apache2 \bin)
- In your %SYSTEMROOT%\System32, %SYSTEMROOT%\system and %SYSTEMROOT%
directory.
Note: %SYSTEMROOT%\System32 only applies to Windows NT/2000/XP)
- In your whole %PATH%
Side Note : Thanks to Shannon Tang for pointing this out
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Modifying Apache Configuration
Apache doesn't know that you just install PHP. We need to tell Apache about
PHP and where to find it. Open the Apache configuration file in C:\Program
Files\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf and add the following three
lines :
LoadModule php4_module php/sapi/php4apache2.dll
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
The first line tells Apache where to load the dll required to execute PHP
and the second line means that every file that ends with .php
should be processed as a PHP file. You can actually change it to anything
you want like .html or even .asp!
The third line is added so that you can view your php file source code
in the browser window. You will see what this mean when you browse this
tutorial and click the link to the example's source code like this
one.
Now restart Apache for the changes to take effect ( Start
> Programs > Apache HTTP Server 2.0.50 > Control Apache Server
> Restart ) . To check if everything is okay create a new file,
name it as test.php and put it in document
root directory ( C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\htdocs
). The content of this file is shown below.
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
phpinfo() is the infamous PHP function which
will spit out all kinds of stuff about PHP and your server configuration.
Type http://localhost/test.php on your browser's
address bar and if everything works well you should see something like
this :
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Installing MySQL
First extract the package ( mysql-4.0.18-win.zip ) to a temporary directory,
then run setup.exe. Keep clicking the next
button to complete the installation. By default MySQL will be installed
in C:\mysql.
Open a DOS window and go to C:\mysql\bin and
then run mysqld-nt --console , you should
see some messages like these :
C:\mysql\bin>mysqld-nt --console
InnoDB: The first specified data file .\ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
040807 10:54:09 InnoDB: Setting file .\ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
040807 10:54:11 InnoDB: Log file .\ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be
created
InnoDB: Setting log file .\ib_logfile0 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
040807 10:54:12 InnoDB: Log file .\ib_logfile1 did not exist: new
to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file .\ib_logfile1 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
040807 10:54:31 InnoDB: Started
mysqld-nt: ready for connections.
Version: '4.0.18-nt' socket: '' port: 3306
Now open another DOS window and type C:\mysql\bin\mysql
if your installation is successful you will see the MySQL client running
:
C:\mysql\bin>mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1 to server version: 4.0.18-nt
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql>
Type exit on the mysql>
prompt to quit the MySQL client.
Now let's install MySQL as a Service. The process is simple
just type mysqld-nt --install to install
the service and net start mysql to run the
service. But make sure to shutdown the server first using mysqladmin
-u root shutdown
C:\mysql\bin>mysqladmin -u root shutdown
C:\mysql\bin>mysqld-nt --install
Service successfully installed.
C:\mysql\bin>net start mysql
The MySQL service was started successfully.
C:\mysql\bin>mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1 to server version: 4.0.18-nt
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql>
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Modifying PHP Configuration File ( php.ini )
PHP stores all kinds of configuration in a file called php.ini.You
can find this file in the directory where you installed PHP. Sometimes
you will need to modify this file for example to use a PHP extension.
I won't explain each and every configuration available just the ones that
often need modification or special attention.
Some of the configurations are :
- register_globals
- error_reporting and display_errors
- extension and extension_path
- session.save_path
- max_execution_time
register_globals
Before PHP 4.2.0 the default value for this configuration is On
and after 4.2.0 the default value is Off. The reason
for this change is because it is so easy to write insecure code
with this value on. So make sure that this value is Off in php.ini.
error_reporting and display_errors
Set the value to error_reporting = E_ALL during
development but after production set the value to error_reporting
= E_NONE .
The reason to use E_ALL during development is so you can catch most of
the nasty bugs in your code. PHP will complain just about any errors you
make and spit out all kinds of warning ( for example if you're trying
to use an uninitialized variable ).
However, after production you should change the value to E_NONE so PHP
will keep quiet even if there's an error in your code. This way the user
won't have to see all kinds of PHP error message when running the script.
One important thing to note is that you will also need to set the value
of display_erros to On. Even if you set error_reporting
= E_ALL you will not get any error message ( no matter how buggy
our script is ) unless display_errors is
set to On.
extension and extension_path
PHP4 comes with about 51 extensions such as GD library ( for graphics creation
and manipulation ), CURL, PostgreSQL support etc. These extensions are
not turned on automatically. If you need to use the extension, first you
need to specify the location of the extensions and then uncomment the
extension you want.
The value of extension_path must be set to
the directory where the extension is installed which is PHP_INSTALL_DIR/extensions,
with PHP_INSTALL_DIR is the directory where you install PHP. For example
I installed PHP in C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\php
so the extensions path is :
extension_path = C:/Program
Files/Apache Group/Apache2/php/extensions/
Don't forget to add that last slash or it won't work
After specifying the extension_path you will
need to uncomment the extension you want to use. In php.ini
a comment is started using a semicolon (;). As
an example if you want to use GD library then you must remove the semicolon
at the beginning of ;extension=php_gd2.dll
to extension=php_gd2.dll
session.save_path
This configuration tells PHP where to save the session data. You will need
to set this value to an existing directory or you will not be able to
use session. In Windows you can set this value as session.save_path
= c:/windows/temp/
max_execution_time
The default value for max_execution_time is
30 ( seconds ). But for some scripts 30 seconds is just not enough to
complete it's task. For example a database backup script may need more
time to save a huge database.
If you think your script will need extra time to finish the job you can
set this to a higher value. For example to set the maximun script execution
time to 15 minutes ( 900 seconds ) you can modify the configuration as
max_execution_time = 900
PHP have a convenient function to modify PHP configuration in runtime,
ini_set(). Setting PHP configuration using
this function will not make the effect permanent. It
last only until the script ends.