Besides gaining reputation with your questions and answers, you receive badges for being especially helpful. Badges appear on your profile page, flair, and your posts.
Question Badges
Ask a well-received question on 5 separate days, and maintain a positive question record
894 awarded
Ask a well-received question on 30 separate days, and maintain a positive question record
36 awarded
Ask a well-received question on 100 separate days, and maintain a positive question record
3 awarded
Asked a question with zero score, no answers, no comments, and low views for a week
903 awarded
Answer Badges
Edit and answer 500 questions (both actions within 12 hours, answer score > 0)
1 awarded
Highest scoring answer that outscored an accepted answer with score of more than 10 by more than 2x
18 awarded
Answer more than 30 days after a question was asked as first answer scoring 2 or more
2.2k awarded
Participation Badges
Visit an election during any phase of an active election and have enough reputation to cast a vote
1.5k awarded
Followed the Area 51 proposal for this site before it entered the commitment phase
78 awarded
Voted 10 times, added 3 posts score > 0, and visited the site on 3 separate days during the private beta
25 awarded
Tag Badges
You must have a total score of 100 in at least 20 non-community wiki answers to achieve this badge.
644 awarded
You must have a total score of 400 in at least 80 non-community wiki answers to achieve this badge.
106 awarded
You must have a total score of 1000 in at least 200 non-community wiki answers to achieve this badge.
23 awarded
Moderation Badges
Up vote 100 answers on questions where an answer of yours has a positive score
39 awarded