Bash command to copy before cursor and paste after?

History expansion can be useful for this kind of thing (assuming bash history is enabled).

In your example, you could do:

cp /etc/prog/dir1/myconfig.yml !#:1.bak

Here, the !# refers to the current line, !#:1 refers to parameter 1 on the current line,
and !#:1.bak refers to parameter 1 on the current line with '.bak' tacked onto the end.

When you have the history specifier typed out, you can use Ctrl+Alt+E to expand it to its actual value if you want to e.g. double check or modify the filename.

The "History Expansion" section in the bash man pages has more info.

Similar to progo's answer, but somewhat simpler: C-w cuts (“kills”) the word to the left of the cursor, C-y inserts (“yanks”) it again.

$ cp /etc/dir1/myconfig.yml█                              (C-w)
$ cp █                                                    (C-y)
$ cp /etc/dir1/myconfig.yml█                              (space, C-y)
$ cp /etc/dir1/myconfig.yml /etc/dir1/myconfig.yml█       (finish text)
$ cp /etc/dir1/myconfig.yml /etc/dir1/myconfig.yml.bak█

You can also actually cut-paste (kill-yank in emacs/bash terms) from the commandline to duplicate parts for editing.

M-d kills forwards until word boundary, and you can kill text multiple times and they all get concatenated together to a single 'paste' for yanking. Convenient!

Yank this all back to the commandline at cursor by C-y. So if you have a line like this (the block element █ indicates cursor position):

$ cp avb.txt█                 (M-b M-b)
$ cp█avb.txt                  (M-d) kill the word 'avb'
$ cp █.txt                    (C-y) yank it back
$ cp avb█.txt                 (C-e) to the end of line
$ cp avb.txt█                 (C-y) yank it again
$ cp avb.txt avb█             finish the line
$ cp avb.txt avb.foo█

Either way you prefer to do it, familiarizing yourself with what bash has to offer in interactive key department will be beneficial. http://web.mit.edu/gnu/doc/html/features_7.html

In tcsh or zsh, Alt+Ctrl+_ in emacs mode (copy-prev-word widget) inserts the last word, so

cp very-long-path Alt+Ctrl+_.back

bash has a copy-backward-word widget (not bound to any key by default) but that only copies the word to the ring buffer, you'd need to also press Ctrl-Y (in emacs mode) to yank it. But you could do:

bind '"\e[cpw~": copy-backward-word'
bind '"\e\C-_": "\e[cpw~\C-Y"'

To have Alt+Ctrl+_ do both the copy/snarf and paste/yank like in tcsh/zsh.