Examples

• 206

  Creating your first Java program

  edit move example delete share

  206

  Create a new file in your text editor named HelloWorld.java and paste this code in it:

  public class HelloWorld {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          System.out.println("Hello, World!");
      }
  }
  

  Run live on Ideone

  Note: In order for Java to recognize this as a public class (and not throw a compiler error), the filename must comprise the name of the class (HelloWorld in this example) with a .java extension. Naming conventions recommend that Java classes should begin with an uppercase character, and be in camel case, meaning no underscores (_) or dollar signs ($), even though these can both technically be used, and the first letter of each word is capitalized.

  To compile your code, open the directory where HelloWorld.java is located in a terminal window:

  cd /path/to/containing/folder/
  

  and enter javac followed by the file name and extension as follows:

  $ javac HelloWorld.java
  

  Note: The javac command invokes the Java compiler.

  The compiler will then generate a bytecode file called HelloWorld.class which can be executed in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The Java programming language compiler, javac, reads source files written in the Java programming language and compiles them into bytecode class files. Optionally, the compiler can also process annotations found in source and class files using the Pluggable Annotation Processing API. The compiler is a command line tool but can also be invoked using the Java Compiler API.

  To run your program, enter java followed by the name of the class with the main method (HelloWorld in our example). Note how the .class is omitted:

  $ java HelloWorld
  

  Note: The java command runs a Java application.

  This will output to your console:

  Hello, World!

  You have successfully programmed and built your very first Java program!

  Note: In order for Java commands (java, javac, etc) to be recognized, you will need to make sure:

  • A JDK is installed (e.g. Oracle, OpenJDK and other sources)
  • Your environment variables are properly set up

  You will need to use a compiler (javac) and an executor (java) provided by your JVM. java -version and javac -version on the command line, will report which versions (e.g. 1.8.0_73) of these are installed.

  ---

  A closer look at the Hello World program

  The Hello World program contains a single file, which consists of a HelloWorld class definition, a main method, and a statement inside the main method.

  public class HelloWorld {
  

  The class keyword begins the class definition for a class named HelloWorld. Every Java application contains at least one class definition (Further information about classes).

      public static void main(String[] args)  {
  

  This is an entry point method (defined by its name and signature of public static void main(String[])) from which the JVM can run your program. Every Java program should have one. It is:

  • public: meaning that the method can be called from anywhere in the program. See Visibility for more information on this.
  • static: meaning it exists and can be run by itself (at the class level without creating an object).
  • void: meaning it returns no value. Note: This is unlike C and C++ where a return code such as int is expected (Java's way is System.exit()).

  It accepts:

  • An array (typically called args) of Strings used to pass arguments into your program (e.g. from command line arguments).

  Almost all of this is required for a Java entry point method. The exceptions being:

  • The name args is a variable name, so it can be called anything you want, although it is typically called args.
  • Whether its parameter type is an array (String[] args) or Varargs (String... args) does not matter because arrays can be passed into varargs.

  Note: A single application may have multiple classes containing an entry point (main) method, and the entry point of the application is determined by the class name passed as an argument to the java command.

  Inside the main method, we see the following statement:

          System.out.println("Hello, World!");
  

  Let's break this statement down element-by-element:

  Element	Purpose
  System	this denotes that the subsequent expression will call upon the System class.
  .	this is a "dot operator". Dot operators provide you access to a class's data.* In this case, this dot operator allows you to reference the out static field within the System class.
  out	this is the name of the static field within the System class containing the standard output.
  .	this is another dot operator. This dot operator provides access to the println method within the out variable.
  println	this is the name of a method within the System class's out variable. This method in particular prints the contents of the parameters into the console, on a new line.
  (	this parenthesis indicates that a method is being accessed (and not a field) and begins the parameters being passed into the println method.
  "Hello, World!"	this is the String that is passed, as a parameter, into the println method. The double quotation marks on each end delimit the text as a String.
  )	this parenthesis signifies the closure of the parameters being passed into the println method.
  ;	this semicolon marks the end of the statement.

      }
  }
  

  The method body and class body are then closed.

  *Because the HelloWorld class has little relation to the System class, it can only access public data.

  edited 2 days ago

  

  

  

  

  

  +91