Database Setup All Versions

Examples

• 8

  Fixtures

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  8

  Fixtures are initial data for the database. The most straightforward way when you have some existing data already is to use the command dumpdata

   ./manage.py dumpdata > databasedump.json                # full database
   ./manage.py dumpdata myapp > databasedump.json          # only 1 app
   ./manage.py dumpdata myapp.mymodel > databasedump.json  # only 1 model (table)
  

  This will create a json file which can be imported again by using

  ./manage.py loaddata databasedump.json
  

  When using the loadddata without specifying a file, Django will look for a fixtures folder in your app or the list of directories provided in the FIXTURE_DIRS in settings, and use its content instead.

  /myapp
     /fixtures 
          myfixtures.json
          morefixtures.xml 
  

  Possible file formats are: JSON, XML or YAML

  Fixtures JSON example:

  [
    {
      "model": "myapp.person",
      "pk": 1,
      "fields": {
        "first_name": "John",
        "last_name": "Lennon"
      }
    },
    {
      "model": "myapp.person",
      "pk": 2,
      "fields": {
        "first_name": "Paul",
        "last_name": "McCartney"
      }
    }
  ]
  

  Fixtures YAML example:

  - model: myapp.person
    pk: 1
    fields:
      first_name: John
      last_name: Lennon
  - model: myapp.person
    pk: 2
    fields:
      first_name: Paul
      last_name: McCartney
  

  Fixtures XML example:

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  <django-objects version="1.0">
      <object pk="1" model="myapp.person">
          <field type="CharField" name="first_name">John</field>
          <field type="CharField" name="last_name">Lennon</field>
      </object>
      <object pk="2" model="myapp.person">
          <field type="CharField" name="first_name">Paul</field>
          <field type="CharField" name="last_name">McCartney</field>
      </object>
  </django-objects>
  

  edited Nov 25 at 19:45

  

  
• 7

  PostgreSQL

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  7

  Make sure to have some packages installed:

  sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
  pip install psycopg2
  

  Database settings for PostgreSQL:

  #myapp/settings/settings.py
  
  DATABASES = {
      'default': {
          'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
          'NAME': 'myprojectDB',
          'USER': 'myprojectuser',
          'PASSWORD': 'password',
          'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
          'PORT': '5432',
      }
  }
  

  In older versions you can also use the alias django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.

  When using Postresql you'll have access to some extra features:

  Modelfields:

  ArrayField         # A field for storing lists of data. 
  HStoreField        # A field for storing mappings of strings to strings. 
  JSONField          # A field for storing JSON encoded data. 
  IntegerRangeField  # Stores a range of integers 
  BigIntegerRangeField # Stores a big range of integers 
  FloatRangeField    # Stores a range of floating point values. 
  DateTimeRangeField # Stores a range of timestamps
  

  edited Nov 24 at 12:13

  

  
• 6

  MySQL / MariaDB

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  6

  Django supports MySQL 5.5 and higher.

  Make sure to have some packages installed:

  $ sudo apt-get install mysql-server libmysqlclient-dev
  $ sudo apt-get install python-dev python-pip              # for python 2
  $ sudo apt-get install python3-dev python3-pip            # for python 3
  

  As well as one of the Python MySQL drivers (mysqlclient beeing the recommended choice for Django):

  $ pip install mysqlclient    # python 2 and 3
  $ pip install MySQL-python   # python 2
  $ pip install pymysql        # python 2 and 3
  

  The database encoding can not be set by Django, but needs to be configured on the database level. Look for default-character-set in my.cnf (or /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf/*.cnf ) and set the encoding:

     [mysql]
     #default-character-set = latin1    #default on some systems.
     #default-character-set = utf8mb4   #default on some systems.
     default-character-set = utf8
  
     ...
     [mysqld]
     #character-set-server  = utf8mb4
     #collation-server      = utf8mb4_general_ci
     character-set-server  = utf8
     collation-server      = utf8_general_ci
  

  Database configuration for MySQL or MariaDB

  #myapp/settings/settings.py
  
  DATABASES = {
      'default': {
          'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
          'NAME': 'DB_NAME',
          'USER': 'DB_USER',
          'PASSWORD': 'DB_PASSWORD',
          'HOST': 'localhost',   # Or an IP Address that your database is hosted on
          'PORT': '3306',
          #optional:
          'OPTIONS': {
              'charset' : 'utf8',
              'use_unicode' : True,
               'init_command': 'SET '
                  'storage_engine=INNODB,'
                  'character_set_connection=utf8,'
                  'collation_connection=utf8_bin'
                  #'sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,'    # see note below
                  #'SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED',
          },
          'TEST_CHARSET': 'utf8',
          'TEST_COLLATION': 'utf8_general_ci',
      }
  }
  

  If you are using Oracle's MySQL connector your ENGINE line should look like this:

  'ENGINE': 'mysql.connector.django',
  

  When you create a database, make sure that to specify the encoding and collation:

  CREATE DATABASE mydatabase CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin
  

  From MySQL 5.7 onwards and on fresh installs of MySQL 5.6, the default value of the sql_mode option contains STRICT_TRANS_TABLES. That option escalates warnings into errors when data is truncated upon insertion. Django highly recommends activating a strict mode for MySQL to prevent data loss (either STRICT_TRANS_TABLES or STRICT_ALL_TABLES). To enable add to /etc/my.cnf sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

  edited Nov 7 at 17:38

  

  

  

  

  
• 0

  sqlite

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  0

  sqlite is the default for Django. It should not be used in production since it is usually slow.

  #myapp/settings/settings.py
  
  DATABASES = {
      'default': {
          'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
          'NAME': 'db/development.sqlite3',
          'USER': '',
          'PASSWORD': '',
          'HOST': '',
          'PORT': '',
      },
  }
  

  created Aug 2 at 9:25