Using parser_combinators to parse a string

Some small style nits to fix before we dive into the meat. When specifying a variable and a type, there should be space after the :, but not before:

// label : i8,
label: i8,

I break where clauses onto the next line, with each type restriction on its own line as well:

// fn parse_passport<I>(input: State<I>) -> ParseResult<Passport, I> where I: Stream<Item=char> {
fn parse_passport<I>(input: State<I>) -> ParseResult<Passport, I>
    where I: Stream<Item=char>
{

Let the compiler use type inference as much as possible. You don't always need to specify the type of a closure variable, for instance:

// let mut label = digit().map(|i : char| (i as i8) - ('0' as i8));
let mut label = digit().map(|i| (i as i8) - ('0' as i8));

Using try! is going to be your biggest win for clarity:

// let (i,input) = match label.parse_state(input) {
//     Ok((x,n)) => (x,n.into_inner()),
//     Err(e) => return Err(e)
// };
let (i, input) = try!(label.parse_state(input));
let input = input.into_inner();

That's as far as I got with generic Rust knowledge. After reading the docs a bit, I came up with this though (note: this is my first time using this library, so I make no claims to use it well!):

fn parse_passport<I>(input: State<I>) -> ParseResult<Passport, I>
    where I: Stream<Item=char>
{
    let label = digit().map(|i| (i as i8) - ('0' as i8));
    fn to_number(string: String) -> i32 { string.parse().unwrap() }
    let fst = many1(digit());
    let comma = satisfy(|c| c == ',');

    let mut parser = label.and(fst.clone().map(to_number)).and(comma).and(fst.map(to_number));

    let ((((i, f), _), s), input) = try!(parser.parse_state(input));

    let p = Passport { label: i, body: f * 1000000 + s };

    Ok((p, input))
}

I'm certain there's a better way though. The nested tuples are a bit off-putting. Also, I feel like there should be a nice way to map over the result of the parsing so we didn't have to unpack and repack the Result, including the input. There's the straight forward but awkward:

parser.parse_state(input).map(|((((i, f), _), s), input)| {
    (Passport { label: i, body: f * 1000000 + s }, input)
})

This is the final thing I ended up at:

extern crate parser_combinators as pc;
use pc::*;
use pc::primitives::{State, Stream};

fn main() {
    match parser(parse_passport).parse("0123,456789") {
        Ok((r, l)) => println!("{} {} {}", r.label, r.body, l),
        Err(e)     => println!("{}", e)
    }
}

struct Passport {
    label: i8,
    body: i32,
}

fn parse_passport<I>(input: State<I>) -> ParseResult<Passport, I>
    where I: Stream<Item=char>
{
    let label = digit().map(|i| (i as i8) - ('0' as i8));
    fn to_number(string: String) -> i32 { string.parse().unwrap() }
    let fst = many1(digit());
    let comma = satisfy(|c| c == ',');

    let mut parser = label.and(fst.clone().map(to_number)).and(comma).and(fst.map(to_number));

    parser.parse_state(input).map(|((((i, f), _), s), input)| {
        (Passport { label: i, body: f * 1000000 + s }, input)
    })
}