Declaring functions
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ret name ( params ) ;
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(1) | ||||||||
ret name ( params ) cv ref except attr ;
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(2) | ||||||||
auto name ( params ) cv ref except attr -> ret ;
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(3) | (desde C++11) | |||||||
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decl name ( params ) { body }
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(4) | ||||||||
attr decl name ( params ) cv ref except attr virt try init-list { body } catch
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(5) | ||||||||
attr decl name ( params ) cv ref except attr -> ret virt try init-list { body } catch
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(6) | (desde C++11) | |||||||
attr decl name ( params ) cv ref except attr virt = 0 ;
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attr decl name ( params ) cv ref except attr virt = default ;
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(8) | (desde C++11) | |||||||
attr decl name ( params ) cv ref except attr virt = delete ;
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(9) | (desde C++11) | |||||||
[editar] Explicación
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attr(C++11) | - | Secuencia opcional de cualquier número de atributos funcionales, tales como [[noreturn]] o [[carries_dependency]]. Puede aparecer tanto antes como después de que el nombre de la función
Original: Optional sequence of any number of atributos funcionales, such as [[noreturn]] or [[carries_dependency]]. May appear both before and after the function name The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
ret | - | el tipo devuelto por la función, puede ser void si la función no devuelve nada. No puede ser amplia o tipo de función, aunque puede ser un puntero o referencia a los mismos. Se requiere para todas las funciones excepto constructores, destructores y operadores de conversión, que no deben proporcionar un tipo de retorno .
Original: the type returned by the function, may be void if the function returns nothing. Cannot be array or function type, although can be a pointer or reference to such. Required for all functions except constructors, destructors, and conversion operators, which must not provide a return type. The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
decl | - | declaración secuencia especificador, que consta de ninguno o algunos de los siguientes palabras clave: extern estático,, inline, virtual, explicit, friend, constexpr, combinado con el tipo de retorno, ret
Original: declaration specifier sequence, which consists of none or some of the following keywords: extern estático,, inline, virtual, explicit, friend, constexpr, combined with the return type, ret The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. {{par | cv |{{tr| Opcional const, volatile o const volatile, sólo es aplicable a las funciones miembro no estáticas. Para una función miembro de clase | ||||
ref(C++11) | - | Opcional & o &&, sólo es aplicable a las funciones miembro no estáticas que no sean constructores o destructores. Para una función miembro de
T clase, el tipo del parámetro objeto implícito el propósito de la resolución de sobrecarga será T& o T&& respectivamente: una función miembro && cualificado sólo se puede llamar en una expresión de objeto rvalueOriginal: Optional & or &&, only applicable to non-static member functions other than constructors or destructors. For a member function of class T , the type of the implicit object parameter for the purpose of overload resolution will be T& or T&& respectively: a &&-qualified member function can only be called on an rvalue object expressionThe text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
except | - | ya sea dinámica excepción de especificación o noexcept-especificación
Original: The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
virt(C++11) | - | Opcional override o final, sólo es aplicable a las funciones miembro no estáticas
Original: Optional override or final, only applicable to non-static member functions The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
-> ret(C++11)
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- | Trailing tipo de retorno, sólo es aplicable si ret es auto. Es útil si el tipo depende de los nombres de argumento, como template <class T, class U> auto add(T t, U u) -> decltype(t + u); o es complicada, como en auto fpif(int)->int(*)(int)
Original: Trailing return type, only applicable if ret is auto. Useful if the type depends on argument names, such as template <class T, class U> auto add(T t, U u) -> decltype(t + u); or is complicated, such as in auto fpif(int)->int(*)(int) The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
init-list | - | Constructor lista de inicialización, sólo se utiliza en los constructores
Original: Constructor lista de inicialización, only used in constructors The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
try
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- | La función opcional de bloque try. Si está presente, catch debe ser proporcionada
Original: Optional function try block. If present, catch must be provided The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
catch | - | Secuencia opcional de catch-bloques, sólo aplicable de
try se utiliza . Original: Optional sequence of catch-bloques, only applicable of try is used. The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
body | - | El cuerpo de la función, una instrucción compuesta (posiblemente vacío)
Original: The body of the function, a (possibly empty) compound statement The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. | ||||
params | - | La lista de
Original: The list of parameters
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[editar] Ejemplo 1: funciones no miembro
#include <iostream> #include <string> // declaration in namespace(file) scope // (the definition is provided later) int f1(); // simple function with a default argument, returning nothing void f0(const std::string& arg = "world") { std::cout << "Hello, " << arg << '\n'; } // function returning a pointer to f0 auto fp11() -> void(*)(const std::string&) { return f0; } // function returning a pointer to f0, pre-C++11 style void (*fp03())(const std::string&) { return f0; } int main() { f0(); fp11()("test"); fp03()("again"); int f2(std::string); // declaration in function scope std::cout << f2("bad12") << '\n'; } // simple non-member function returning int int f1() { return 42; } // function with an exception specification and a function try block int f2(std::string str) noexcept try { return std::stoi(str); } catch(const std::exception& e) { std::cerr << "stoi() failed!\n"; return 0; }
Output:
Hello, world Hello, test Hello, again stoi() failed! 0
[editar] Ejemplo 2: funciones miembro
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <utility> #include <exception> struct S { int data; // simple converting constructor (declaration) S(int val); // simple explicit constructor (declaration) explicit S(std::string str); // const member function (definition) virtual int getData() const { return data; } }; // definition of the constructor S::S(int val) : data(val) { std::cout << "ctor1 called, data = " << data << '\n'; } // this constructor has a catch clause S::S(std::string str) try : data(std::stoi(str)) { std::cout << "ctor2 called, data = " << data << '\n'; } catch(const std::exception&) { std::cout << "ctor2 failed, string was '" << str << "'\n"; throw; // ctor's catch clause should always rethrow } struct D : S { int data2; // constructor with a default argument D(int v1, int v2 = 11) : S(v1), data2(v2) {} // virtual member function int getData() const override { return data*data2; } // lvalue-only assignment operator D& operator=(D other) & { std::swap(other.data, data); std::swap(other.data2, data2); return *this; } }; int main() { D d1 = 1; S s2("2"); try { S s3("not a number"); } catch(const std::exception&) {} std::cout << s2.getData() << '\n'; D d2(3, 4); d2 = d1; // OK: assignment to lvalue // D(5) = d1; // ERROR: no suitable overload of operator= }
Output:
ctor1 called, data = 1 ctor2 called, data = 2 ctor2 failed, string was 'not a number' 2 ctor1 called, data = 3