import collections
import hashlib
import inspect
from functools import wraps

from typing import Callable, Optional, Any, List, Tuple, Union, Dict

import flask

from .dependencies import (
    handle_callback_args,
    handle_grouped_callback_args,
    Output,
    ClientsideFunction,
    Input,
)
from .development.base_component import ComponentRegistry
from .exceptions import (
    InvalidCallbackReturnValue,
    PreventUpdate,
    WildcardInLongCallback,
    MissingLongCallbackManagerError,
    BackgroundCallbackError,
    ImportedInsideCallbackError,
)

from ._grouping import (
    flatten_grouping,
    make_grouping_by_index,
    grouping_len,
)
from ._utils import (
    create_callback_id,
    stringify_id,
    to_json,
    coerce_to_list,
    AttributeDict,
    clean_property_name,
)

from . import _validate
from .background_callback.managers import BaseBackgroundCallbackManager
from ._callback_context import context_value
from ._no_update import NoUpdate


async def _async_invoke_callback(
    func, *args, **kwargs
):  # used to mark the frame for the debugger
    # Check if the function is a coroutine function
    if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
        return await func(*args, **kwargs)  # %% callback invoked %%
    # If the function is not a coroutine, call it directly
    return func(*args, **kwargs)  # %% callback invoked %%


def _invoke_callback(func, *args, **kwargs):  # used to mark the frame for the debugger
    return func(*args, **kwargs)  # %% callback invoked %%


GLOBAL_CALLBACK_LIST: List[Any] = []
GLOBAL_CALLBACK_MAP: Dict[str, Any] = {}
GLOBAL_INLINE_SCRIPTS: List[Any] = []
GLOBAL_API_PATHS: Dict[str, Any] = {}


# pylint: disable=too-many-locals,too-many-arguments
def callback(
    *_args,
    background: bool = False,
    interval: int = 1000,
    progress: Optional[Union[List[Output], Output]] = None,
    progress_default: Any = None,
    running: Optional[List[Tuple[Output, Any, Any]]] = None,
    cancel: Optional[Union[List[Input], Input]] = None,
    manager: Optional[BaseBackgroundCallbackManager] = None,
    cache_args_to_ignore: Optional[list] = None,
    cache_ignore_triggered=True,
    on_error: Optional[Callable[[Exception], Any]] = None,
    api_endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
    optional: Optional[bool] = False,
    hidden: Optional[bool] = None,
    **_kwargs,
) -> Callable[..., Any]:
    """
    Normally used as a decorator, `@dash.callback` provides a server-side
    callback relating the values of one or more `Output` items to one or
    more `Input` items which will trigger the callback when they change,
    and optionally `State` items which provide additional information but
    do not trigger the callback directly.

    `@dash.callback` is an alternative to `@app.callback` (where `app = dash.Dash()`)
    introduced in Dash 2.0.
    It allows you to register callbacks without defining or importing the `app`
    object. The call signature is identical and it can be used instead of `app.callback`
    in all cases.

    The last, optional argument `prevent_initial_call` causes the callback
    not to fire when its outputs are first added to the page. Defaults to
    `False` and unlike `app.callback` is not configurable at the app level.

    :Keyword Arguments:
        :param background:
            Mark the callback as a background callback to execute in a manager for
            callbacks that take a long time without locking up the Dash app
            or timing out.
        :param manager:
            A background callback manager instance. Currently, an instance of one of
            `DiskcacheManager` or `CeleryManager`.
            Defaults to the `background_callback_manager` instance provided to the
            `dash.Dash constructor`.
            - A diskcache manager (`DiskcacheManager`) that runs callback
              logic in a separate process and stores the results to disk using the
              diskcache library. This is the easiest backend to use for local
              development.
            - A Celery manager (`CeleryManager`) that runs callback logic
              in a celery worker and returns results to the Dash app through a Celery
              broker like RabbitMQ or Redis.
        :param running:
            A list of 3-element tuples. The first element of each tuple should be
            an `Output` dependency object referencing a property of a component in
            the app layout. The second element is the value that the property
            should be set to while the callback is running, and the third element
            is the value the property should be set to when the callback completes.
        :param cancel:
            A list of `Input` dependency objects that reference a property of a
            component in the app's layout.  When the value of this property changes
            while a callback is running, the callback is canceled.
            Note that the value of the property is not significant, any change in
            value will result in the cancellation of the running job (if any).
            This parameter only applies to background callbacks (`background=True`).
        :param progress:
            An `Output` dependency grouping that references properties of
            components in the app's layout. When provided, the decorated function
            will be called with an extra argument as the first argument to the
            function.  This argument, is a function handle that the decorated
            function should call in order to provide updates to the app on its
            current progress. This function accepts a single argument, which
            correspond to the grouping of properties specified in the provided
            `Output` dependency grouping. This parameter only applies to background
            callbacks (`background=True`).
        :param progress_default:
            A grouping of values that should be assigned to the components
            specified by the `progress` argument when the callback is not in
            progress. If `progress_default` is not provided, all the dependency
            properties specified in `progress` will be set to `None` when the
            callback is not running. This parameter only applies to background
            callbacks (`background=True`).
        :param cache_args_to_ignore:
            Arguments to ignore when caching is enabled. If callback is configured
            with keyword arguments (Input/State provided in a dict),
            this should be a list of argument names as strings. Otherwise,
            this should be a list of argument indices as integers.
            This parameter only applies to background callbacks (`background=True`).
        :param cache_ignore_triggered:
            Whether to ignore which inputs triggered the callback when creating
            the cache. This parameter only applies to background callbacks
            (`background=True`).
        :param interval:
            Time to wait between the background callback update requests.
        :param on_error:
            Function to call when the callback raises an exception. Receives the
            exception object as first argument. The callback_context can be used
            to access the original callback inputs, states and output.
        :param optional:
            Mark all dependencies as not required on the initial layout checks.
        :param hidden:
            Hide the callback from the devtools callbacks tab.
        :param api_endpoint:
            If provided, the callback will be available at the given API endpoint.
            This allows you to call the callback directly through HTTP requests
            instead of through the Dash front-end. The endpoint should be a string
            that starts with a forward slash (e.g. `/my_callback`).
            The endpoint is relative to the Dash app's base URL.
            Note that the endpoint will not appear in the list of registered
            callbacks in the Dash devtools.
    """

    background_spec: Any = None

    config_prevent_initial_callbacks = _kwargs.pop(
        "config_prevent_initial_callbacks", False
    )
    callback_map = _kwargs.pop("callback_map", GLOBAL_CALLBACK_MAP)
    callback_list = _kwargs.pop("callback_list", GLOBAL_CALLBACK_LIST)

    if background:
        background_spec = {
            "interval": interval,
        }

        if manager:
            background_spec["manager"] = manager

        if progress:
            background_spec["progress"] = coerce_to_list(progress)
            validate_background_inputs(background_spec["progress"])

        if progress_default:
            background_spec["progressDefault"] = coerce_to_list(progress_default)

            if not len(background_spec["progress"]) == len(
                background_spec["progressDefault"]
            ):
                raise Exception(
                    "Progress and progress default needs to be of same length"
                )

        if cancel:
            cancel_inputs = coerce_to_list(cancel)
            validate_background_inputs(cancel_inputs)

            background_spec["cancel"] = [c.to_dict() for c in cancel_inputs]
            background_spec["cancel_inputs"] = cancel_inputs

        if cache_args_to_ignore:
            background_spec["cache_args_to_ignore"] = cache_args_to_ignore

        background_spec["cache_ignore_triggered"] = cache_ignore_triggered

    return register_callback(
        callback_list,
        callback_map,
        config_prevent_initial_callbacks,
        *_args,
        **_kwargs,
        background=background_spec,
        manager=manager,
        running=running,
        on_error=on_error,
        api_endpoint=api_endpoint,
        optional=optional,
        hidden=hidden,
    )


def validate_background_inputs(deps):
    for dep in deps:
        if dep.has_wildcard():
            raise WildcardInLongCallback(
                f"""
                background callbacks does not support dependencies with
                pattern-matching ids
                    Received: {repr(dep)}\n"""
            )


ClientsideFuncType = Union[str, ClientsideFunction]


def clientside_callback(clientside_function: ClientsideFuncType, *args, **kwargs):
    return register_clientside_callback(
        GLOBAL_CALLBACK_LIST,
        GLOBAL_CALLBACK_MAP,
        False,
        GLOBAL_INLINE_SCRIPTS,
        clientside_function,
        *args,
        **kwargs,
    )


# pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
def insert_callback(
    callback_list,
    callback_map,
    config_prevent_initial_callbacks,
    output,
    outputs_indices,
    inputs,
    state,
    inputs_state_indices,
    prevent_initial_call,
    background=None,
    manager=None,
    running=None,
    dynamic_creator: Optional[bool] = False,
    no_output=False,
    optional=False,
    hidden=None,
):
    if prevent_initial_call is None:
        prevent_initial_call = config_prevent_initial_callbacks

    _validate.validate_duplicate_output(
        output, prevent_initial_call, config_prevent_initial_callbacks
    )

    callback_id = create_callback_id(output, inputs, no_output)
    callback_spec = {
        "output": callback_id,
        "inputs": [c.to_dict() for c in inputs],
        "state": [c.to_dict() for c in state],
        "clientside_function": None,
        # prevent_initial_call can be a string "initial_duplicates"
        # which should not prevent the initial call.
        "prevent_initial_call": prevent_initial_call is True,
        "background": background
        and {
            "interval": background["interval"],
        },
        "dynamic_creator": dynamic_creator,
        "no_output": no_output,
        "optional": optional,
        "hidden": hidden,
    }
    if running:
        callback_spec["running"] = running

    callback_map[callback_id] = {
        "inputs": callback_spec["inputs"],
        "state": callback_spec["state"],
        "outputs_indices": outputs_indices,
        "inputs_state_indices": inputs_state_indices,
        "background": background,
        "output": output,
        "raw_inputs": inputs,
        "manager": manager,
        "allow_dynamic_callbacks": dynamic_creator,
        "no_output": no_output,
    }
    callback_list.append(callback_spec)

    return callback_id


def _set_side_update(ctx, response) -> bool:
    side_update = dict(ctx.updated_props)
    if len(side_update) > 0:
        response["sideUpdate"] = side_update
        return True
    return False


def _initialize_context(args, kwargs, inputs_state_indices, has_output, insert_output):
    """Initialize context and validate output specifications."""
    app = kwargs.pop("app", None)
    output_spec = kwargs.pop("outputs_list")
    callback_ctx = kwargs.pop("callback_context", AttributeDict({"updated_props": {}}))
    context_value.set(callback_ctx)
    original_packages = set(ComponentRegistry.registry)

    if has_output:
        _validate.validate_output_spec(insert_output, output_spec, Output)

    func_args, func_kwargs = _validate.validate_and_group_input_args(
        args, inputs_state_indices
    )
    return (
        output_spec,
        callback_ctx,
        func_args,
        func_kwargs,
        app,
        original_packages,
        False,
    )


def _get_callback_manager(
    kwargs: dict, background: dict
) -> Union[BaseBackgroundCallbackManager, None]:
    """Set up the background callback and manage jobs."""
    callback_manager = background.get(
        "manager", kwargs.get("background_callback_manager", None)
    )
    if background is not None:
        if not callback_manager:
            raise MissingLongCallbackManagerError(
                "Running `background` callbacks requires a manager to be installed.\n"
                "Available managers:\n"
                "- Diskcache (`pip install dash[diskcache]`) to run callbacks in a separate Process"
                " and store results on the local filesystem.\n"
                "- Celery (`pip install dash[celery]`) to run callbacks in a celery worker"
                " and store results on redis.\n"
            )

    old_job = flask.request.args.getlist("oldJob")

    if old_job:
        for job in old_job:
            callback_manager.terminate_job(job)

    return callback_manager


def _setup_background_callback(
    kwargs, background, background_key, func, func_args, func_kwargs, callback_ctx
):
    """Set up the background callback and manage jobs."""
    callback_manager = _get_callback_manager(kwargs, background)

    progress_outputs = background.get("progress")

    cache_ignore_triggered = background.get("cache_ignore_triggered", True)

    cache_key = callback_manager.build_cache_key(
        func,
        # Inputs provided as dict is kwargs.
        func_args if func_args else func_kwargs,
        background.get("cache_args_to_ignore", []),
        None if cache_ignore_triggered else callback_ctx.get("triggered_inputs", []),
    )

    job_fn = callback_manager.func_registry.get(background_key)

    ctx_value = AttributeDict(**context_value.get())
    ctx_value.ignore_register_page = True
    ctx_value.pop("background_callback_manager")
    ctx_value.pop("dash_response")

    job = callback_manager.call_job_fn(
        cache_key,
        job_fn,
        func_args if func_args else func_kwargs,
        ctx_value,
    )

    data = {
        "cacheKey": cache_key,
        "job": job,
    }

    cancel = background.get("cancel")
    if cancel:
        data["cancel"] = cancel

    progress_default = background.get("progressDefault")
    if progress_default:
        data["progressDefault"] = {
            str(o): x for o, x in zip(progress_outputs, progress_default)
        }
    return to_json(data)


def _progress_background_callback(response, callback_manager, background):
    progress_outputs = background.get("progress")
    cache_key = flask.request.args.get("cacheKey")

    if progress_outputs:
        # Get the progress before the result as it would be erased after the results.
        progress = callback_manager.get_progress(cache_key)
        if progress:
            response["progress"] = {
                str(x): progress[i] for i, x in enumerate(progress_outputs)
            }


def _update_background_callback(
    error_handler, callback_ctx, response, kwargs, background, multi
):
    """Set up the background callback and manage jobs."""
    callback_manager = _get_callback_manager(kwargs, background)

    cache_key = flask.request.args.get("cacheKey")
    job_id = flask.request.args.get("job")

    _progress_background_callback(response, callback_manager, background)

    output_value = callback_manager.get_result(cache_key, job_id)

    return _handle_rest_background_callback(
        output_value, callback_manager, response, error_handler, callback_ctx, multi
    )


def _handle_rest_background_callback(
    output_value,
    callback_manager,
    response,
    error_handler,
    callback_ctx,
    multi,
    has_update=False,
):
    cache_key = flask.request.args.get("cacheKey")
    job_id = flask.request.args.get("job")
    # Must get job_running after get_result since get_results terminates it.
    job_running = callback_manager.job_running(job_id)
    if not job_running and output_value is callback_manager.UNDEFINED:
        # Job canceled -> no output to close the loop.
        output_value = NoUpdate()

    elif isinstance(output_value, dict) and "background_callback_error" in output_value:
        error = output_value.get("background_callback_error", {})
        exc = BackgroundCallbackError(
            f"An error occurred inside a background callback: {error['msg']}\n{error['tb']}"
        )
        if error_handler:
            output_value = error_handler(exc)

            if output_value is None:
                output_value = NoUpdate()
            # set_props from the error handler uses the original ctx
            # instead of manager.get_updated_props since it runs in the
            # request process.
            has_update = (
                _set_side_update(callback_ctx, response) or output_value is not None
            )
        else:
            raise exc

    if job_running and output_value is not callback_manager.UNDEFINED:
        # cached results.
        callback_manager.terminate_job(job_id)

    if multi and isinstance(output_value, (list, tuple)):
        output_value = [
            NoUpdate() if NoUpdate.is_no_update(r) else r for r in output_value
        ]
    updated_props = callback_manager.get_updated_props(cache_key)
    if len(updated_props) > 0:
        response["sideUpdate"] = updated_props
        has_update = True

    if output_value is callback_manager.UNDEFINED:
        return to_json(response), has_update, True
    return output_value, has_update, False


# pylint: disable=too-many-branches
def _prepare_response(
    output_value,
    output_spec,
    multi,
    response,
    callback_ctx,
    app,
    original_packages,
    background,
    has_update,
    has_output,
    output,
    callback_id,
    allow_dynamic_callbacks,
):
    """Prepare the response object based on the callback output."""
    component_ids = collections.defaultdict(dict)

    if has_output:
        if not multi:
            output_value, output_spec = [output_value], [output_spec]
            flat_output_values = output_value
        else:
            if isinstance(output_value, (list, tuple)):
                # For multi-output, allow top-level collection to be
                # list or tuple
                output_value = list(output_value)
            if NoUpdate.is_no_update(output_value):
                flat_output_values = [output_value]
            else:
                # Flatten grouping and validate grouping structure
                flat_output_values = flatten_grouping(output_value, output)

        if not NoUpdate.is_no_update(output_value):
            _validate.validate_multi_return(
                output_spec, flat_output_values, callback_id
            )

        for val, spec in zip(flat_output_values, output_spec):
            if NoUpdate.is_no_update(val):
                continue
            for vali, speci in (
                zip(val, spec) if isinstance(spec, list) else [[val, spec]]  # type: ignore[reportArgumentType]
            ):
                if not NoUpdate.is_no_update(vali):
                    has_update = True
                    id_str = stringify_id(speci["id"])
                    prop = clean_property_name(speci["property"])
                    component_ids[id_str][prop] = vali

    else:
        if output_value is not None:
            raise InvalidCallbackReturnValue(
                f"No-output callback received return value: {output_value}"
            )

    if not background:
        has_update = _set_side_update(callback_ctx, response) or has_output

    if not has_update:
        raise PreventUpdate

    if len(ComponentRegistry.registry) != len(original_packages):
        diff_packages = list(
            set(ComponentRegistry.registry).difference(original_packages)
        )
        if not allow_dynamic_callbacks:
            raise ImportedInsideCallbackError(
                f"Component librar{'y' if len(diff_packages) == 1 else 'ies'} was imported during callback.\n"
                "You can set `_allow_dynamic_callbacks` to allow for development purpose only."
            )
        dist = app.get_dist(diff_packages)
        response["dist"] = dist
    return response.update({"response": component_ids})


# pylint: disable=too-many-branches,too-many-statements
def register_callback(
    callback_list,
    callback_map,
    config_prevent_initial_callbacks,
    *_args,
    **_kwargs,
):
    (
        output,
        flat_inputs,
        flat_state,
        inputs_state_indices,
        prevent_initial_call,
    ) = handle_grouped_callback_args(_args, _kwargs)
    if isinstance(output, Output):
        # Insert callback with scalar (non-multi) Output
        insert_output = output
        multi = False
        has_output = True
    else:
        # Insert callback as multi Output
        insert_output = flatten_grouping(output)
        multi = True
        has_output = len(output) > 0

    background = _kwargs.get("background")
    manager = _kwargs.get("manager")
    running = _kwargs.get("running")
    on_error = _kwargs.get("on_error")
    if running is not None:
        if not isinstance(running[0], (list, tuple)):
            running = [running]
        running = {
            "running": {str(r[0]): r[1] for r in running},
            "runningOff": {str(r[0]): r[2] for r in running},
        }
    allow_dynamic_callbacks = _kwargs.get("_allow_dynamic_callbacks")

    output_indices = make_grouping_by_index(output, list(range(grouping_len(output))))
    callback_id = insert_callback(
        callback_list,
        callback_map,
        config_prevent_initial_callbacks,
        insert_output,
        output_indices,
        flat_inputs,
        flat_state,
        inputs_state_indices,
        prevent_initial_call,
        background=background,
        manager=manager,
        dynamic_creator=allow_dynamic_callbacks,
        running=running,
        no_output=not has_output,
        optional=_kwargs.get("optional", False),
        hidden=_kwargs.get("hidden", None),
    )

    # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
    def wrap_func(func):
        if _kwargs.get("api_endpoint"):
            api_endpoint = _kwargs.get("api_endpoint")
            GLOBAL_API_PATHS[api_endpoint] = func

        if background is None:
            background_key = None
        else:
            background_key = BaseBackgroundCallbackManager.register_func(
                func,
                background.get("progress") is not None,
                callback_id,
            )

        @wraps(func)
        def add_context(*args, **kwargs):
            """Handles synchronous callbacks with context management."""
            error_handler = on_error or kwargs.pop("app_on_error", None)

            (
                output_spec,
                callback_ctx,
                func_args,
                func_kwargs,
                app,
                original_packages,
                has_update,
            ) = _initialize_context(
                args, kwargs, inputs_state_indices, has_output, insert_output
            )

            response: dict = {"multi": True}  # type: ignore

            jsonResponse = None
            try:
                if background is not None:
                    if not flask.request.args.get("cacheKey"):
                        return _setup_background_callback(
                            kwargs,
                            background,
                            background_key,
                            func,
                            func_args,
                            func_kwargs,
                            callback_ctx,
                        )

                    output_value, has_update, skip = _update_background_callback(
                        error_handler, callback_ctx, response, kwargs, background, multi
                    )
                    if skip:
                        return output_value
                else:
                    output_value = _invoke_callback(func, *func_args, **func_kwargs)  # type: ignore[reportArgumentType]
            except PreventUpdate:
                raise
            except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
                if error_handler:
                    output_value = error_handler(err)
                    if output_value is None and output_spec:
                        output_value = NoUpdate()
                else:
                    raise err

            _prepare_response(
                output_value,
                output_spec,
                multi,
                response,
                callback_ctx,
                app,
                original_packages,
                background,
                has_update,
                has_output,
                output,
                callback_id,
                allow_dynamic_callbacks,
            )
            try:
                jsonResponse = to_json(response)
            except TypeError:
                _validate.fail_callback_output(output_value, output)

            return jsonResponse

        @wraps(func)
        async def async_add_context(*args, **kwargs):
            """Handles async callbacks with context management."""
            error_handler = on_error or kwargs.pop("app_on_error", None)

            (
                output_spec,
                callback_ctx,
                func_args,
                func_kwargs,
                app,
                original_packages,
                has_update,
            ) = _initialize_context(
                args, kwargs, inputs_state_indices, has_output, insert_output
            )

            response = {"multi": True}

            try:
                if background is not None:
                    if not flask.request.args.get("cacheKey"):
                        return _setup_background_callback(
                            kwargs,
                            background,
                            background_key,
                            func,
                            func_args,
                            func_kwargs,
                            callback_ctx,
                        )
                    output_value, has_update, skip = _update_background_callback(
                        error_handler, callback_ctx, response, kwargs, background, multi
                    )
                    if skip:
                        return output_value
                else:
                    output_value = await _async_invoke_callback(
                        func, *func_args, **func_kwargs
                    )
            except PreventUpdate:
                raise
            except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
                if error_handler:
                    output_value = error_handler(err)
                    if output_value is None and output_spec:
                        output_value = NoUpdate()
                else:
                    raise err

            _prepare_response(
                output_value,
                output_spec,
                multi,
                response,
                callback_ctx,
                app,
                original_packages,
                background,
                has_update,
                has_output,
                output,
                callback_id,
                allow_dynamic_callbacks,
            )
            try:
                jsonResponse = to_json(response)
            except TypeError:
                _validate.fail_callback_output(output_value, output)

            return jsonResponse

        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
            callback_map[callback_id]["callback"] = async_add_context
        else:
            callback_map[callback_id]["callback"] = add_context

        return func

    return wrap_func


_inline_clientside_template = """
(function() {{
    var clientside = window.dash_clientside = window.dash_clientside || {{}};
    var ns = clientside["{namespace}"] = clientside["{namespace}"] || {{}};
    ns["{function_name}"] = {clientside_function};
}})();
"""


def register_clientside_callback(
    callback_list,
    callback_map,
    config_prevent_initial_callbacks,
    inline_scripts,
    clientside_function: ClientsideFuncType,
    *args,
    **kwargs,
):
    output, inputs, state, prevent_initial_call = handle_callback_args(args, kwargs)
    no_output = isinstance(output, (list,)) and len(output) == 0
    insert_callback(
        callback_list,
        callback_map,
        config_prevent_initial_callbacks,
        output,
        None,
        inputs,
        state,
        None,
        prevent_initial_call,
        no_output=no_output,
        hidden=kwargs.get("hidden", None),
    )

    # If JS source is explicitly given, create a namespace and function
    # name, then inject the code.
    if isinstance(clientside_function, str):
        namespace = "_dashprivate_clientside_funcs"
        # Create a hash from the function, it will be the same always
        function_name = hashlib.sha256(clientside_function.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()

        inline_scripts.append(
            _inline_clientside_template.format(
                namespace=namespace,
                function_name=function_name,
                clientside_function=clientside_function,
            )
        )

    # Callback is stored in an external asset.
    else:
        namespace = clientside_function.namespace
        function_name = clientside_function.function_name

    callback_list[-1]["clientside_function"] = {
        "namespace": namespace,
        "function_name": function_name,
    }
