Review for optimization, code standards, missed validation and dependency checks.
Review version 3. What's new:
- apply previous code review
- input arguments and validation
- MySQL management (optional)
- install option (.desktop file), what allows some input values be predefined
- attempt to install dependency when no choice to get user input (GUI version without zenity)
I'm a web programmer, don't known things to make system GUI. So, that's why use bash with zenity. It was interesting to learn bash features. Answers are good, new version to come. Web is unsuitable for task more as bash.
#!/bin/bash
webmaster="$(id -un)" # user who access web files. group is www-data
webgroup="www-data" # apache2 web group, does't need to be webmaster group. SGID set for folder.
maindomain=".localhost" # domain for creating subdomains, leading dot required
virtualhost="*" # ip of virtualhost in case server listen on many interfaces or "*" for all
virtualport="80" # port of virtualhost. apache2 must listen on that ip:port
serveradmin="webmaster@localhost" # admin email
# declare -a webroots=("/home/\${webmaster}/Web/\${host}"
# "/var/www/\${host}"
# "/var/www/\${webmaster}/\${host}")
# declared below, after a chanse to edit inlined variadles
webroot=0 # folder index in webroots array
a2ensite="050-" # short prefix for virtualhost config file
apachehost="/etc/apache2/sites-available/${a2ensite}" # prefix for virtualhost config file
tmphost=$(mktemp) # temp file for edit config
trap 'rm "$tmphost"' EXIT # rm temp file on exit
host="" # no default subdomain
skipmysql=""
mysqladmin="root"
mysqladminpwd=""
have_command() {
type -p "$1" >/dev/null
}
in_terminal() {
[ -t 0 ]
}
in_terminal && start_in_terminal=1
info_user() {
local msg=$1
local windowicon="info" # 'error', 'info', 'question' or 'warning' or path to icon
[ "$2" ] && windowicon="$2"
if in_terminal; then
echo "$msg"
else
zenity --info --text="$msg" --icon-name="${windowicon}" \
--no-wrap --title="Virtualhost" 2>/dev/null
fi
}
notify_user () {
echo "$1" >&2
in_terminal && return
local windowicon="info" # 'error', 'info', 'question' or 'warning' or path to icon
local msgprefix=""
local prefix="Virtualhost: "
[ "$2" ] && windowicon="$2" && msgprefix="$2: "
if have_command zenity; then
zenity --notification --text="${prefix}$1" --window-icon="$windowicon"
return
fi
if have_command notify-send; then
notify-send "${prefix}${msgprefix}$1"
else
xmessage -buttons Ok:0 -nearmouse "${prefix}${msgprefix}$1" -timeout 10
fi
}
# sudo apt hangs when run from script, thats why terminal needed
install_zenity() {
have_command gnome-terminal && gnome-terminal --title="$1" --wait -- $1
have_command zenity && exit 0
exit 1
}
# check if zenity must be installed or text terminal can be used
# if fails = script exit
# to install zenity, run: ./script.sh --gui in X terminal
# ask user to confirm install if able to ask
check_gui() {
local msg="Use terminal or install zenity for gui. '$ sudo apt install zenity'"
local cmd="sudo apt install zenity"
local notfirst=$1
if ! have_command zenity;then
notify_user "$msg" "error"
# --gui set and input/output from terminal possible
if [[ "${gui_set}" && "${start_in_terminal}" ]]; then
read -p "Install zenity for you? sudo required.[y/N]" -r autozenity
reg="^[yY]$"
if [[ "$autozenity" =~ $reg ]]; then
$(install_zenity "$cmd") || exit
exit 0
else
exit 1
fi
else
if [[ "${gui_set}" ]]; then
$(install_zenity "$cmd") || exit
exit 0
else
if ! in_terminal;then
$(install_zenity "$cmd") || exit
exit 0
fi
fi
fi
fi
exit 0
}
$(check_gui) || exit
validate_input() {
local msg="$1"
local var="$2"
local reg=$3
if ! [[ "$var" =~ $reg ]]; then
notify_user "$msg" "error"
exit 1
fi
exit 0
}
validate_domain() {
$(LANG=C; validate_input "Bad domain with leading . (dot)" "$1" \
"^\.[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9\.])*$") || exit 1
exit 0
}
validate_username() {
$(LANG=C; validate_input "Bad username." "$1" \
"^[[:lower:]_][[:lower:][:digit:]_-]{2,15}$") || exit 1
if ! id "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
notify_user "User not exists" "error"
exit 1
fi
exit 0
}
validate_group() {
getent group "$1" > /dev/null 2&>1
[ $? -ne 0 ] && notify_user "Group $1 not exists" "error" && exit 1
exit 0
}
validate_email() {
$(LANG=C; validate_input "Bad admin email." "$1" \
"^[a-z0-9!#\$%&'*+/=?^_\`{|}~-]+(\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_\`{|}~-]+)*@([a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)*[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\$") || exit 1
exit 0
}
validate_subdomain() {
$(LANG=C; validate_input "Bad subdomain" "$1" \
"^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?$") || exit 1
exit 0
}
getopt --test > /dev/null
if [ "$?" -gt 4 ];then
echo 'I’m sorry, `getopt --test` failed in this environment.'
else
OPTIONS="w:d:a:ghi"
LONGOPTS="webmaster:,domain:,adminemail:,gui,help,webroot:,webgroup:,install,subdomain:,skipmysql,mysqlauto"
! PARSED=$(getopt --options=$OPTIONS --longoptions=$LONGOPTS --name "$0" -- "$@")
if [[ ${PIPESTATUS[0]} -ne 0 ]]; then
# e.g. return value is 1
# then getopt has complained about wrong arguments to stdout
exit 2
fi
# read getopt’s output this way to handle the quoting right:
eval set -- "$PARSED"
while true; do
case "$1" in
"--skipmysql")
skipmysql=1
shift
;;
"--mysqlauto")
mysqlauto=1
shift
;;
"-w"|"--webmaster")
webmaster="$2"
webmaster_set=1
shift 2
;;
"--webgroup")
webgroup="$2"
webgroup_set=1
shift 2
;;
"--subdomain")
host="$2"
host_set=1
shift 2
;;
"-d"|"--domain")
maindomain="$2"
maindomain_set=1
shift 2
;;
"-a"|"--adminemail")
serveradmin="$2"
serveradmin_set=1
shift 2
;;
"--webroot")
declare -i webroot="$2"
webroot_set=1
shift 2
;;
"-g"|"--gui")
if [ -z "$DISPLAY" ];then
notify_user "GUI failed. No DISPLAY." "error"
exit 1
else
gui_set=1
# GUI can be enabled at this point, when run from terminal /
# with --gui, so check again
$(check_gui) || exit
in_terminal() {
false
}
fi
shift
;;
"-i"|"--install")
install_set=1
shift
;;
"-h"|"--help")
cat << EOF
usage: ./${0} # if some arguments specified in command
# line, script will not ask to input it value
# --install of script makes some values predefined
[--webmaster="userlogin"] # user with permissions to edit www
# files. group is 'www-data'
[--webgroup="www-data"] # group of apache2 service user
[--domain=".localhost"] # leading dot required
[--subdomain="Example"] # Subdomain and webroot folder name
# (folder case censetive)
[--adminemail="admin@localhost"]
[--webroot="0"] # documentroot of virtualhost, zero based index
# webroots[0]="/home/\${webmaster}/Web/\${subdomain}"
# webroots[1]="/var/www/\${subdomain}"
# webroots[2]="/var/www/\${webmaster}/\${subdomain}"
[--skipmysql] # don't create mysql db and user
[--mysqlauto] # use subdomain as mysql db name, username, empty password
[--gui] # run gui version from terminal else be autodetected without this.
# attemps to install zenity
${0}
--help # this help
${0}
--gui --install # install .desktop shortcut for current user
# and optionally copy script to $home/bin
# --install requires --gui
# shortcut have few options to run, without mysql for example
${0} "without arguments" # will read values from user
EOF
exit 0
;;
--)
shift
break
;;
*)
echo "Error" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
done
if [ "$install_set" ]; then
! [ "$gui_set" ] && notify_user "--gui must be set with --install" && exit 1
homedir=$( getent passwd "$(id -un)" | cut -d: -f6 )
source="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
while [ -h "$source" ]; do # resolve $SOURCE until the file is no longer a symlink
dir="$( cd -P "$( dirname "$source" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
source="$(readlink "$source")"
[[ $source != /* ]] && source="$dir/$source"
# ^ if $SOURCE was a relative symlink, we need to resolve it relative to
# the path where the symlink file was located
done
dir="$( cd -P "$( dirname "$source" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
scriptname=$( basename "$source" )
# make a form where script args can be predefined, so not needed every launch
pipestring=$(zenity --forms --add-entry="Domain(leading dot)(Default .localhost)" \
--add-entry="Webmaster(default: current username)" \
--add-entry="Webgroup(Default: www-data)" \
--add-entry="Server admin(Default: webmaster@localhost)" \
--text="Predefined values(empty=interactive edit)" --title="Desktop shortcut" \
--add-combo="Install path" --combo-values="${homedir}/bin/|${dir}/" 2>/dev/null)
# zenity stdout if like value1|value2|etc
IFS='|' read -r -a form <<< "$pipestring"
args=""
if [ "${form[0]}" ]; then $(validate_domain "${form[0]}") || exit 60; fi
if [ "${form[1]}" ]; then $(validate_username "${form[1]}") || exit 61; fi
if [ "${form[2]}" ]; then $(validate_group "${form[2]}") || exit 62; fi
if [ "${form[3]}" ]; then $(validate_email "${form[3]}") || exit 63; fi
if [ "${form[4]}" ]; then mkdir -p "${form[4]}"; fi
[ "${form[0]}" ] && args="$args --domain='${form[0]}'"
[ "${form[1]}" ] && args="$args --webmaster='${form[1]}'"
[ "${form[2]}" ] && args="$args --webgroup='${form[2]}'"
[ "${form[3]}" ] && args="$args --adminemail='${form[3]}'"
installpath="${dir}/${scriptname}"
if [ "${form[4]}" != " " ]; then installpath="${form[4]}${scriptname}"; fi
cp "${dir}/${scriptname}" "$installpath" >/dev/null 2>&1
chmod u+rx "$installpath"
desktop="$homedir/.local/share/applications/virtualhost.desktop"
cat >"$desktop" <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Create Virtualhost
Comment=Easy to create new virtualhost for apache2 server
Keywords=Virtualhost;Apache;Apache2
Exec=/bin/bash ${installpath} ${args}
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=true
Type=Application
Icon=network-wired
Categories=GTK;Development;
StartupNotify=false
Actions=without-arguments;new-install
[Desktop Action without-arguments]
Name=Clean launch
Exec=/bin/bash ${installpath}
[Desktop Action without-mysql]
Name=Without mysql config
Exec=/bin/bash ${installpath} ${args} --skipmysql
[Desktop Action new-install]
Name=Reinstall (define new configuration)
Exec=/bin/bash ${installpath} --install --gui
X-MultipleArgs=true
EOF
exit 0
fi
# if arguments passed - validate them.
msg=""
if [ "$maindomain_set" ]; then
$(validate_domain "$maindomain") \
|| msg="Bad value for --domain. Should have leading dot. \".localhost\"\n"
fi
if [ "$serveradmin_set" ]; then
$(validate_email "$serveradmin") || msg="Bad value for --adminemail\n$msg"
fi
if [ "$host_set" ]; then
$(validate_subdomain "$host") || msg="Bad value for --subdomain\n$msg"
fi
if [ "$webmaster_set" ]; then
$(validate_username "$webmaster") || msg="Bad value for --webmaster\n$msg"
fi
if [ "$webgroup_set" ]; then
$(validate_group "$webgroup") || msg="Bad value for --webgroup\n$msg"
fi
have_command apache2 || msg="Apache2 not installed\n$msg"
if [ "$msg" ];then
[ "$gui_set" ] && info_user "$msg" "error"
exit 1
fi
fi
if [ "$(id -un)" == "root" ];then
notify_user "You should not run this script as root but as user with 'sudo' rights." "error"
exit 1
fi
get_text_input() {
if in_terminal; then
defaulttext=""
[ "$3" ] && defaulttext="[Default: ${3}]"
read -p "${2}$defaulttext" -r input
# default
[ "$3" ] && [ -z "$input" ] && input="$3"
else
input=$(zenity --entry="$1" --title="Virtualhost" --text="$2" --entry-text="$3" 2>/dev/null)
if [ "$?" == "1" ]; then
echo "[$1]Cancel button" 1>&2
exit 1 # Cancel button pressed
fi
fi
if [ -z "$4" ]; then
case "$input" in
"") notify_user "[$1]Bad input: empty" "error" ; exit 1 ;;
*"*"*) notify_user "[$1]Bad input: wildcard" "error" ; exit 1 ;;
*[[:space:]]*) notify_user "[$1]Bad input: whitespace" "error" ; exit 1 ;;
esac
fi
echo "$input"
}
# get input and validate it
if [ -z "$host" ]; then host=$(get_text_input "Subdomain" "Create virtualhost (= Folder name,case sensitive)" "") || exit; fi
$(validate_subdomain "$host") || exit
if [ -z "$maindomain_set" ]; then maindomain=$(get_text_input "Domain" "Domain with leading dot." "$maindomain") || exit; fi
$(validate_domain "$maindomain") || exit
if [ -z "$webmaster_set" ]; then webmaster=$(get_text_input "Username" "Webmaster username" "$webmaster") || exit; fi
$(validate_username "$webmaster") || exit
if [ -z "$serveradmin_set" ]; then serveradmin=$(get_text_input "Admin email" "Server admin email" "$serveradmin") || exit; fi
$(validate_email "$serveradmin") || exit
homedir=$( getent passwd "$webmaster" | cut -d: -f6 )
# webroot is a choise of predefined paths array
declare -a webroots=("${homedir}/Web/${host}" "/var/www/${host}" "/var/www/${webmaster}/${host}")
zenitylistcmd=""
# zenily list options is all columns of all rows as a argument, one by one
for (( i=0; i<${#webroots[@]}; i++ ));do
if in_terminal; then
echo "[${i}] ${webroots[$i]}" # reference for text read below
else
zenitylistcmd="${zenitylistcmd}${i} ${i} ${webroots[$i]} "
fi
done
dir=""
[ -z "$webroot_set" ] && if in_terminal; then
webroot=$(get_text_input 'Index' 'Website folder' "$webroot") || exit
else
webroot=$(zenity --list --column=" " --column="Idx" --column="Path" --hide-column=2 \
--hide-header --radiolist --title="Choose web folder" $zenitylistcmd 2>/dev/null)
fi
if [ -z "${webroots[$webroot]}" ]; then notify_user "Invalid webroot index"; exit 1; fi
dir="${webroots[$webroot]}" # folder used as document root for virtualhost
hostfile="${apachehost}${host}.conf" # apache virtualhost config file
# virtualhost template
cat >"$tmphost" <<EOF
<VirtualHost ${virtualhost}:${virtualport}>
ServerAdmin $serveradmin
DocumentRoot $dir
ServerName ${host}${maindomain}
ServerAlias ${host}${maindomain}
<Directory "$dir">
AllowOverride All
Require local
</Directory>
# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
LogLevel error
</VirtualHost>
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
EOF
find_editor() {
local editor=${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}
if [ "$editor" ]; then
echo "$editor"
return
fi
for cmd in nano vim vi pico; do
if have_command "$cmd"; then
echo "$cmd"
return
fi
done
}
if in_terminal; then
# edit virtualhost config
editor=$(find_editor)
if [ -z "$editor" ];then
echo "$tmphost:"
cat $tmphost
echo "edit '$tmphost' to your liking, then hit Enter"
read -p "I'll wait ... "
else
"$editor" "$tmphost"
fi
else
# edit virtualhost config GUI
text=$(zenity --text-info --title="Virtualhost config" --filename="$tmphost" --editable 2>/dev/null)
if [ -z "$text" ];then
# cancel button pressed
exit 0
fi
echo "$text" > "$tmphost"
fi
# probably want some validating here that the user has not broken the config
# apache will not reload config if incorrect
mysqlskip="$skipmysql" # skip if --skipmysql set
[ -z "$mysqlskip" ] && if have_command mysqld; then
if [ -z "$mysqlskip" ]; then mysqladminpwd=$(get_text_input "Admin password" "Admin password (${mysqladmin})" "" "skipcheck") || mysqlskip=1; fi
if [ "$mysqlauto" ]; then
mysqldb="$host"
mysqluser="$host"
mysqlpwd=""
else
if [ -z "$mysqlskip" ]; then
mysqldb=$(get_text_input "Database" "Database name(Enter for default)" "$host") || mysqlskip=1
fi
if [ -z "$mysqlskip" ]; then
mysqluser=$(get_text_input "Username" "Mysql user for db:$mysqldb host:localhost(Enter for default)" "$mysqldb") || mysqlskip=1
fi
if [ -z "$mysqlskip" ]; then
mysqlpwd=$(get_text_input "Password" "Mysql password for user:$mysqluser db:$mysqldb host:localhost(Enter for empty)" "" "skipcheck") || mysqlskip=1
fi
fi
if [ -z "$mysqlskip" ]; then
tmpmysqlinit=$(mktemp)
trap 'rm "$tmpmysqlinit"' EXIT
cat >"$tmpmysqlinit" <<EOF
CREATE USER '${mysqluser}'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '${mysqlpwd}';
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO '${mysqluser}'@'localhost';
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS \`${mysqldb}\` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \`${mysqldb}\`.* TO '${mysqluser}'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EOF
fi
fi
getsuperuser () {
if in_terminal;then
echo "sudo"
else
echo "pkexec"
fi
}
notify_user "execute root commands with $(getsuperuser) to create virtualhost" "warning"
tmpresult=$(mktemp)
trap 'rm "$tmpresult"' EXIT
tmpmysqlresult=$(mktemp)
trap 'rm "$tmpmysqlresult"' EXIT
$(getsuperuser) /bin/bash <<EOF
mkdir -p "$dir"
chown ${webmaster}:${webgroup} "$dir"
chmod u=rwX,g=rXs,o= "$dir"
cp "$tmphost" "$hostfile"
chown root:root "$hostfile"
chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r "$hostfile"
a2ensite "${a2ensite}${host}.conf"
systemctl reload apache2
echo "\$?" > "$tmpresult"
if [ -z "${mysqlskip}" ]; then
systemctl start mysql
mysql --user="$mysqladmin" --password="$mysqladminpwd" <"$tmpmysqlinit"
echo "\$?" > "$tmpmysqlresult"
fi
EOF
if [ $(cat "$tmpmysqlresult") ]; then $mysqlresult="\nMysql db,user created"; fi
if [ $(cat "$tmpresult") ]; then notify_user "Virtualhost added. Apache2 reloaded.${mysqlresult}"; fi
apthas a warning (somewhere) about an unstable CLI that's optimized for interactive use and not recommended for scripts.apt-getis a good choice for a script, and may solve your hanging problem. \$\endgroup\$